Shoulder tendinopathy

References

• Lewis JS. Rotator cuff tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med 2009;43(4):236–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michener LA, Walsworth MK, Burnet EN. Effectiveness of rehabilitation for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome; a systematic review. J Hand Ther 2004;17:221–3.
   Google Scholar
• Vecchio P, Kavanagh R, Hazleman BL, King RH. Shoulder pain in a community-based rheumatology clinic. Br J Rheumatol 1995;34:440–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seitz AL, McClure PW, Finucane S, Boardner ND, Michener LA. Mechanisms of rotator cuff tendinopathy: intrinsic, extrinsic, or both. Clin Biomech 2011;26(1):1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Windt Van derDA, Koes BW, de Jong BA, Bouter LM. Shoulder disorders in general practice: incidence, patient characteristics, and management. Ann Rheum Dis 1995;54(12):959–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverstein BA, Vikari-Juntura E, Fan ZJ, Banauto DK, Bao S, Smith C. Natural course of nontraumatic rotator cuff tendinitis and shoulder symptoms in a working population. Scand J Work Environ Health 2006;32(2):99–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chard MD, Hazleman R, Hazleman BL, King RH, Reiss BB. Shoulder disorders in the elderly: a community survey. Arthritis Rheum 1991;34(6):766–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miranda H, Viikari-Juntura E, Heistaro S, Heliovaara M, Riihmaki H. A population study on differences in the determinants of a specific shoulder disorder versus nonspecific shoulder pain without clinical findings. Am J Epidemiol 2005;161(9):847–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rechardt M, Shiri R, Karppinen J, Jula A, Heliovaara A, Viikari-Juntara E. Lifestyle and metabolic factors in relation to shoulder pain and rotator cuff tendinitis: a population-based study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010;11:165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthi AM, Vosburgh CL, Neviaser TJ. The incidence of pathologic changes of the long head of the biceps tendon. J Should Elbow Surg 2000;9(5):382–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoi E, Hsu HC, An KN. Biomechanical investigation of the glenohumeral joint. J Should Elbow Surg 1996;5(5):407–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Itoi E, Lee SB, Berglund LJ, Berge LL, An KN. The effect of a glenoid defect on anteroinferior instability of the shoulder after Bankart repair: a cadaveric study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2000;82(1):35–46.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neer CS. Impingement lesions. Clin Orthop 1983;173:70–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfredson H. Chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy: an update on research and treatment. Clin Sports Med 2003;22:727–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mafulli N, Wong J, Almekinders LC. Types and epidemiology of tendinopathy. Clin Sports Med 2003;22:675–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maganaris CN, Narici MV, Almekinders LC, Maffulli N. Biomechanics and pathophysiology of overuse tendon injuries: ideas on insertional tendinopathy. Sports Med 2004;34:1005–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leadbetter WB. Cell-matrix response in tendon injury. Clin Sports Med 1992;11:533–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millar NL, Hueber AJ, Reilly JH, Xu Y, Fazzi UG, Murrell GA, et al.. Inflammation is present in early human tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med 2010;38(10):2085–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraushaar BS, Nirschl RP. Tendinosis of the elbow: clinical features and findings of histological, immunochemical, and electron microscopy studies. J Bone Joint Surg 1999;81:259–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nirschl RP. Elbow tendinosis/tennis elbow. Clin Sports Med 1992;11:851–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma P, Maffulli N. Biology of tendon injury: healing, modeling, and remodeling. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2006;6:181–90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Brien M. Functional anatomy and physiology of tendons. Clin Sports Med 1992;11:505–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantu RI, Cobb D. Histology and biomechanics of fascia. In: , Cantu R I, Grodin A J, editors. Myofascial manipulation: theory and clinical application. 2nd ed.Austin, TX: Pro-ed; 2001. p.31.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw HM, Benjamin M. Structure-function relationships of enthuses in relation to mechanical load and exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2007;17:303–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkie DR. The relation between force and velocity in human muscles. J Physiol 1949;110:249–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson RT, McDonnell SM, Knowles HJ, Rees JL, Carr AJ, Hulley PA. Tendinopathy and tears of the rotator cuff are associated with hypoxia and apoptosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2010;92(3):448–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Definition of apoptosis. Available from: http://www.medterms.com [downloaded 2011 June 16].
   Google Scholar
• Frost P, Bonde JP, Mikkelsen S, Andersen JH, Fallentin N, Kaergaard A, et al.. Risk of shoulder tendinitis in relation to shoulder loads in monotonous repetitive work. Am J Int Med 2002;41(1):11–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almekinders LC. Tendinitis and other chronic tendinopathies. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1998;6:157–64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matava MJ, Purcell DB, Rudzki JR. Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Am J Sports Med 2005;33(9):1405–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogawa K, Yoshida A, Inokuchi W, Nanima T. Acromial spur: relationship to aging and morphologic changes in the rotator cuff. J Should Elbow Surg 2005;14:591–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigliani LU, Morrison DS, April EW. The morphology of the acromion and its relationship to rotator cuff tears. Orthop Trans 1986;10:228.
   Google Scholar
• Bigliani LU, Ticker JB, Flatow EL, Soslowsky LJ, Mow VC. The relationship of acromial architecture to rotator cuff disease. Clin Sports Med 1991;10:823–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein RE, Schweitzer ME, Frieman BG, Fenlin JM, Mitchell DG. Hooked acromion: prevalence on MR images of painful shoulders. Radiology 1993;187l:479–81.
   Google Scholar
• Gill TS, McIrvin E, Kocher MS, Homa K, Mair SD, Hawkins RJ. The relative importance of acromial morphology and age with respect to rotator cuff pathology. J Should Elbow Surg 2002;11:327–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaz S, Sover J, Pries P, Clarac JP. Subacromial impingement: influence of coracromial arch geometry on shoulder function. J Bone Spine 2000;67:305–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfredson H and Lorentzon R. Chronic Achilles tendinosis: recommendations for prevention and treatment. Sports Med 2000;29:135–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfredson H, Pietila T, Jonsson P, Lorentzon R. Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. Am J Sports Med 1998;26:360–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almekinders LC, Temple JD. Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of tendonitis: an analysis of the literature. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998;30:1183–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curwin SL. Tendon injuries: pathophysiology and treatment. In: , Zachazewski J, Magee D J, Quillen W S, editors. Athletic injuries and rehabilitation. PA: WB Saunders Co.; 1996. 27–54.
   Google Scholar
• Mafulli N, Wong J, Almekinders LC. Types and epidemiology of tendinopathy. Clin Sports Med 2003;22:675–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludewig PM, Cook TM. Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement. Phys Ther 2000;80:276–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludewig PM, Reynolds JF. The association of scapular kinematics and glenohumeral joint pathologies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009;39(2):90–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallstrom E, Karrholm J. Shoulder kinematics in 25 patients with impingement and 12 controls. Clin Orthop Rel Res 2006;448:22–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krupp RJ, Kavern MA, Gaines MD, Kotara S, Singleton SB. Long head of biceps tendon pain: differential diagnosis and treatment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009;39(2):55–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vangsness CT, Jorgenson SS, Watson T, Johnson DL. The origin of the long head of the biceps from the scapula and glenoid labrum: an anatomical study of 100 shoulders. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1994;76:951–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Claessens H, Snoeck H. Tendinitis of the long head of the biceps brachii. Acta Orthop Belg 1972;58:124–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neer CS. Anterior acromioplasty for the chronic impingement syndrome in the shoulder: a preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1972;54:41–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersson CJ. Degeneration of the gleno- humeral joint: an anatomical study. Acta Orthop Scand 1983;54:277–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi K, Riew KD, Galatz LM, Syme JA, Neviaser RJ. Biceps activity during shoulder motion: an electromyographic analysis.Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997;(336):122–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy AS, Kelly BT, Lintner SA, Osbahr DC, Speer KP. Function of the long head of the biceps at the shoulder: electromyographic analysis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2001;10:250–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harryman DT, Sidles JA, Clark JM, Mc-Quade KJ, Gibb TD, Matsen FA3rd. Translation of the humeral head on the glenoid with passive glenohumeral motion. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1990;72:1334–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilk KE, Macrina LC, Fleisig GS, Porterfield R, Simpson CD 2nd, Harker P, et al.. Correlation of glenohumeral internal rotation deficit and total rotational motion to shoulder injuries in professional baseball pitchers. Am J Sports Med 2010;10(10):1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Meister K. Biomechanics/pathophysiology/classification of injury injuries to the shoulder in the throwing athlete: part one. Am J Sports Med 2000;28:265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grauer JD, Paulos LE, Smutz WP. Biceps tendon and superior labral injuries. Arthroscopy 1992;8:488–97.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Conte S, Requa RK, Garrick JG. Disability days in major league baseball. Am J Sports Med 2001;29(4):431–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkhart SS, Morgan CD, Kibler WB. The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology. Part I: pathoanatomy and biomechanics. Arthroscopy 2003;19(4):404–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eakin CL, Faber KJ, Hawkins RJ, Hovis WD. Biceps tendon disorders in athletes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1999;7:300–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Brien SJ, Pagnani MJ, Fealy S, McGlynn SR, Wilson JB. The active compression test: a new and effective test for diagnosing labral tears and acromioclavicular joint abnormality. Am J Sports Med 1998;26:610–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder SJ, Karzel RP, Del Pizzo W, Ferkel RD, Friedman MJ. SLAP lesions of the shoulder. Arthroscopy 1990;6:274–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dillman CJ, Fleisig GS, Andrews JR. Biomechanics of pitching with emphasis upon shoulder kinematics. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1993;18:402–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodosky MW, Harner CD, Fu FH. The role of the long head of the biceps muscle and superior glenoid labrum in anterior stability of the shoulder. Am J Sports Med 1994;22:121–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiGiovine NM, Jobe FW, Pink M, Perry J. An electromyographic analysis of the upper extremity in pitching. J Should Elbow Surg 1992;1(1):15–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jobe FW, Moynes DR, Tibone JE, Perry J. An electromyographic analysis of the shoulder in pitching. Am J Sports Med 1984;12:218–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews JR, Carson WGJr, McLeod WD. Glenoid labrum tears related to the long head of the biceps. Am J Sports Med 1985;13:337–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shepard FR, Dugas JR, Zeng N, Andrews JR. Differences in the ultimate strength of the biceps anchor and the generation of type II superior labral anterior posterior lesions in a cadaveric model. Am J Sports Med 2004;32:1197–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gowan ID, Jobe FW, Tibone JE, Perry J, Moynes DR. A comparative electromyographic analysis of the shoulder during pitching. Am J Sports Med 1987;15:586–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainsworth R, Lewis JS. Exercise therapy for the conservative management of full thickness tears of the rotator cuff: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2007;41(4):200–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green S, Buchbinder R, Hetrick S. Physiotherapy interventions for shoulder pain.Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;(2):CD004258.
   Google Scholar
• Crawshaw DP, Helliwell PS, Hensor EM, Hay EM, Aldous SJ, Conaghan PG. Evidence-based orthopaedics: combined treatment with corticosteroid injection plus exercise and manual therapy was similar to exercise and manual therapy alone for shoulder pain at twelve weeks. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011;93(10):971.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Desmeules F, Cote CH, Fremont P. Therapeutic exercise and orthopedic manual therapy for impingement syndrome: a systematic review. Clin J Sports Med 2003;13(3):176–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brox JI, Staff PH, Ljunggren AE, Brevik JI. Arthroscopic surgery compared with supervised exercises in patients with rotator cuff disease (stage II impingement syndrome). BMJ 1993;307(6909):899–903.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Torstensen TA, Meen HD, Stiris M. The effect of medical exercise therapy on a patient with chronic supraspinatus tendinitis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1994;20(6):319–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roe C, Brox JI, Bohmer AS, Vollestad NK. Muscle activation after supervised exercises in patients with rotator tendinosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81(1):67–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philadelphia Panel. Philadelphia Panel evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on selected rehabilitation interventions for shoulder pain. Phys Ther 2001;81(10):19–30.
   Google Scholar
• Alfredson H, Pietila T, Jonsson P, Lorentzon R. Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. Am J Sports Med 1998;26:360–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonsson P, Alfredson H. Superior results with eccentric compared to concentric quadriceps training in patients with jumper’s knee: a prospective randomised study. Br J Sports Med 2005;39:847–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langberg H, Ellingsgaard H, Madsen T, Jansson J, Magnusson SP, Aagaard P, et al.. Eccentric rehabilitation exercise increases peritendinous type I collagen synthesis in humans with Achilles tendinosis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2007;17:61–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohberg L, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Eccentric training in patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis: normalized tendon structure and decreased thickness at follow-up. Br J Sports Med 2004;38:8–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalabi A, Kristoffersen-Wilberg M, Svensson L, Aspelin P, Movin T. Eccentric training of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex in chronic Achilles tendinopathy results in decreased tendon volume and intratendinous signal as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Sports Med 2004;32:1286–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasielewski NJ, Kotsko DM. Does eccentric exercise reduce pain and improve strength in physically active adults with symptomatic lower extremity tendinosis? A systematic review. J Ath Train 2007;42:409–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young MA, Cook JL, Purdam CR, Kiss ZS, Alfredson H. Eccentric decline squat protocol offers superior results at 12 months compared with traditional eccentric protocol for patellar tendinopathy in volleyball players. Br J Sports Med 2005;39:102–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbott BC, Bigland B. The effects of force and speed changes on the rate of oxygen consumption during negative work. J Physiol 1953;120:319–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbott BC, Bigland B, Ritchie JM. The physiological cost of negative work. J Physiol 1952;117:380–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigland-Ritchie B, Woods JJ. Integrated electromyogram and oxygen uptake during positive and negative work. J Physiol 1976;260:267–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtin NA, Davies RE. Chemical and mechanical changes during stretching of activated frog muscle. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1970;37:619–26.
   Google Scholar
• Hill AV. The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle. Proc R Soc B 1938;126:136–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz B. The relation between force and speed in muscular contraction. J Physiol 1939;96:45–64.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leadbetter WB. Cell-matrix response in tendon injury. Clin Sports Med 1992;11:533–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maganaris CN, Narici MV, Almekinders LC, Maffulli N. Biomechanics and Pathophysiology of overuse tendon injuries: ideas on insertional tendinopathy. Sports Med 2004;34:1005–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkie DR. Heat, work, and phosphorylcreatine break-down in muscle. J Physiol 1968;195:157–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams JG. Achilles tendon lesions in sport. Sports Med 1986;3:114–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry H, Fernandes L, Bloom B, Clark RJ, Hamilton EB. Clinical study comparing acupuncture, physiotherapy, injection and oral anti-inflammatory therapy in shoulder-cuff lesions. Curr Med Res Opin 1980;7;121–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinhenz J, Streitberger K, Windeler J, Gussbacher A, Mavridis G, Martin E. Randomized controlled trial comparing effects of acupuncture and a newly designed placebo needle in rotator cuff tendinitis. Pain 1999;83(2):235–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• England S, Farrell AJ, Coppock JS, Struthers G, Bacon PA. Low-power laser therapy of shoulder tendonitis. Scand J Rheumatol 1989;18;427–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders L. Physiotherapy for soft tissue disorders: authors of systematic review misreported one trial that did give significant results. BMJ 1998;316(7130):555–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vecchio P, Cave M, King V, Abedajo AO, Smith M, Hazleman BL. A double blind study of the effectiveness of low-level laser treatment of rotator cuff tendonitis. Br J Rheumatol 1993;32:740–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leduc BE, Caya J, Tremblay S, Bureau NJ, Dumont M. Treatment of calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder by acetic acid iontophoresis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84(10):1523–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebenbichler GR, Erdogmus CB, Resch KL, Funovics MA, Kainberger F, Barisani G, et al.. Ultrasound therapy for calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1533–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perron M, Maloulin F. Acetic acid iontophoresis and ultrasound for the treatment of calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder: a randomized control trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997;78(4):379–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerdesmeyer L, Wagenpfeil S, Haake M, Maier M, Loew M, Wortler K, et al.. Extracorporal shock wave therapy for the treatment of chronic calcifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2003;290(19):2573–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huisstede BM, Gebremariam L, van der Sande R, Hay EM, Koes BW. Evidence for effectiveness of extracorporal shock wave therapy (EWST) to treat calcific and non-calcific rotator cuff tendinosis – a systematic review. Man Ther 2011;16(5):419–33.
   Google Scholar
• Albert JD, Meadeb J, Guggenbuhl P, Martin F, Benkalfate T, Thomazeau H, et al.. High-energy extracorporal shock-wave therapy for calcifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff: a randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2007;89(3):335–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harniman E, Carette S, Kennedy C, Beaton D. Extracorporal shock wave therapy for calcific and noncalcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff: a systematic review. J Hand Ther 2004;17(2):132–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jobe FW, Bradley JP. The diagnosis and nonoperative treatment of shoulder injuries in athletes. Clin Sports Med 1989;8:419–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludewig PM, Cook TM. Translations of the humerus in persons with shoulder impingement symptoms. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2002;32:248–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson AJ, Godges JJ, Zimmerman GJ, Ounanian LL. The effect of anterior versus posterior glide joint mobilization on external rotation range of motion in patients with shoulder adhesive capsulitis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007;37(3):88–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camarinos J, Marinko L. Effectiveness of manual physical therapy for painful shoulder conditions: a systematic review. J Man Manip Ther 2009;17(4):206–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strunce JB, Walker MJ, Boyles RE, Young BA. The immediate effects of thoracic spine and rib manipulation on subjects with primary complaints of shoulder pain. J Man Manip Ther 2009;17(4):230–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tate AR, McClure PW, Young IA, Salvatori R, Michener LA. Comprehensive impairment-based exercise and manual therapy intervention for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: a case series. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(8):474–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loghmani MT, Warden SJ. Instrument-assisted cross-fiber massage assists in knee ligament healing. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009;39(7):506–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar