Moving forward in occupational health physical therapy: the journey toward specialization in the United States

References

• DeJoy DM, Southern DJ. An integrative perspective on work-site health promotion. J Occup Med. 1993;35(12):1221–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Steps to a Healthier US Workforce. Policy and Practice Working Group: Examining the Value of Integrating Occupational Health and Safety and Health Promotion Programs in the Workplace [document on the Internet]. Report No.211-2004-M-09393. 2005. [cited 2013 June 2]. Available from: http://www.saif.com/_files/CompNews/CNexamining.pdf
   Google Scholar
• National Business Group on Health. Governing Board of the National Research Council Improving Health: An Employer Tool Kit. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Utterback DF, Schnorr TM. Use of workers’ compensation data for occupational injury & illness prevention [document on the Internet]. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Department of Labor; 2010 [Revised 2010 August; cited 2013 June 2]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2010-152/
   Google Scholar
• Bernacki EJ, Tsai SP. Ten years’ experience using an integrated workers’ compensation management system to control workers’ compensation costs. J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45:508–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donald C, Cole DC, Van Eerd D, Bigelow P, Rivilis I. Integrative interventions for MSDs: nature, evidence, challenges & directions. J Occup Rehabil. 2006;16:359–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy W. Healing the generations: a history of physical therapy and the American Physical Therapy Association. Alexandria, VA: American Physical Therapy Association; 1995.
   Google Scholar
• American Physical Therapy Association. Formation and structure of component special interest groups [document on the Internet]. 1989 [updated 1999; cited 2013 April 2]. Available from: http://www.apta.org/uploadedFiles/APTAorg/About_Us/Policies/Components/FormationStructureComponentSIGs.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Knapp and Associates. Job analysis study summary report: occupational health physical therapy special interest group. Princeton: Knapp and Associates International; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Bureau of Labor Statistics. Economic News Release. Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses requiring days away from work. Report No.: USDL-12-2204 [document on the Internet]. Washington DC: United States Department of Labor; 2011 [cited 2013 April 2]. Available from: http://www.bls.gov/news.release/osh2.nr0.htm
   Google Scholar
• Workers Compensation Research Institute. Average benefit payment per claim with more than 7 days of lost time [document on the Internet]. Cambridge, MA: Workers Compensation Research Institute; 2011 [cited 2013 April 2]. Available from: http://www.wcrinet.org/benchmarks/benchmarks_12/benchmarks_12_fig_1.a.html
   Google Scholar
• Workers Compensation Research Institute. Average incurred benefit per claim with more than 7 days of lost time [document on the Internet]. Cambridge, MA: Workers Compensation Research Institute; 2011 [cited 2013 April 2]. Available from: http://www.wcrinet.org/benchmarks/benchmarks_12/benchmarks_12_fig_2.a.html
   Google Scholar
• National Council on Compensation Insurance, Inc. Issues report: workers compensation. Boca Raton, FL: National Council on Compensation Insurance; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Goetzel RZ, Hawkins K, Ozminkowski RJ, Wang S. The health and productivity cost burden of the ten most common physical and mental health conditions affecting six large US employers in 1999. J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45:5–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton WN, Conti DJ, Chen CY, Schultz AB, Edington DW. The role of health risk factors and disease on worker productivity. J Occup Environ Med. 1999;41(10):863–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partnership for Solutions. Chronic conditions: making the case for ongoing care. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler RC, Greenberg PE, Mickelson KD, Meneades LM, Wang PS. The effects of chronic medical conditions on work loss and work cutback. J Occup Environ Med. 2001;43:218–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll C, Rick J, Pilgrim H, Cameron J, Hillage J. Workplace involvement improves return to work rates among employees with back pain on long-term sick leave: a systematic review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32(8):607–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franche RL, Cullen K, Clarke J, Irvin E, Sinclair S, Frank J. Workplace-based return-to-work interventions: a systematic review of the quantitative literature. J Occup Rehabil. 2005;15(4):607–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franche RL, Severin CN, Hogg-Johnson S, Côté P, Vidmar M, Lee H. The impact of early workplace-based return-to-work strategies on work absence duration: a 6-month longitudinal study following an occupational musculoskeletal injury. J Occup Environ Med. 2007;49(9):960–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams RM, Westmorland MG, Lin CA, Schmuck G, Creen M. Effectiveness of workplace rehabilitation interventions in the treatment of work-related low back pain: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2007;29(8):607–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosny A, Franche RL, Pole J, Krause N, Cote P, Mustard C. Early healthcare provider communication with patients and their workplace following a lost-time claim for an occupational musculoskeletal injury. J Occup Rehabil. 2006;16(1):27–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schonstein E, Kenny DT, Keating J, Koes BW. Work conditioning, work hardening and functional restoration for workers with back and neck pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(1):CD001822.
   Google Scholar
• Schonstein E, Kenny D, Keating J, Koes B, Herbert RD. Physical conditioning programs for workers with back and neck pain: a cochrane systematic review. Spine. 2003;28(19):E391–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linz DH, Shepherd CD, Ford LF, Ringley LL, Klekamp J, Duncan JM. Effectiveness of occupational medicine center-based physical therapy. J Occup Environ Med. 2002;44(1):48–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karjalainen K, Malmivaara A, van Tulder M, Roine R, Jauhiainen M, Hurri H, et al. Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for subacute low back pain in working-age adults: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group. Spine. 2001;26(3):262–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feuerstein M, Hartzell M, Rogers HL, Marcus SC. Evidence-based practice for acute low back pain in primary care: patient outcomes and cost of care. Pain. 2006;124(1–2):140–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meijer EM, Sluiter JK, Heyma A, Sadiraj K, Frings-Dresen MH. Cost-effectiveness of multidisciplinary treatment in sick-listed patients with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders: a randomized, controlled trial with one-year follow-up. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2006;79(8):654–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meijer EM, Sluiter JK, Frings-Dresen MH. Evaluation of effective return-to-work treatment programs for sick-listed patients with non-specific musculoskeletal complaints: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2005;78(7):523–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anema JR, Steenstra IA, Bongers PM, de Vet HC, Knol DL, Loisel P, et al. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for subacute low back pain: graded activity or workplace intervention or both? A randomized controlled trial. Spine. 2007;32(3):291–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loisel P, Buchbinder R, Hazard R, Keller R, Scheel I, van Tulder M, et al. Prevention of work disability due to musculoskeletal disorders: the challenge of implementing evidence. J Occup Rehabil. 2005;15(4):507–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kool J, Bachmann S, Oesch P, Knuesel O, Ambergen T, de Bie R, van den Brandt P. Function-centered rehabilitation increases work days in patients with nonacute nonspecific low back pain: 1-year results from a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88(9):1089–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linton SJ, Hellsing AL, Anderson D. A controlled study of the effects of an early intervention on acute musculoskeletal pain problems. Pain. 1993;54:353–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oesch PR, Kool JP, Bachmann S, Devereux J. The influence of a functional capacity evaluation on fitness for work certificates in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. Work. 2006;26(3):259–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steenstra IA, Anema JR, van Tulder MW, Bongers PM, de Vet HC, van Mechelen W. Economic evaluation of a multi-stage return to work program for workers on sick-leave due to low back pain. J Occup Rehabil. 2006;16(4):557–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston V, Nielsen M, Corbiere M, Franche R-L. Experiences and perspectives of physical therapists managing patients covered by workers’ compensation in Queensland, Australia. Phys Ther. 2012;92(10):1306–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigenfus GC, Yin J, Giang GM, Fogarty WT. Effectiveness of early physical therapy in the treatment of acute low back musculoskeletal disorders. J Occup Environ Med. 2000;42(1):35–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips CJ, Phillips Nee Buck R, Main CJ, Watson PJ, Davies S, Farr A, et al. The cost effectiveness of NHS physiotherapy support for occupational health (OH) services. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13:29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pinnington MA, Miller J, Stanley I. An evaluation of prompt access to physiotherapy in the management of low back pain in primary care. Fam Pract. 2004;21:372–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill JC, Whitehurst DG, Lewis M, Bryan S, Dunn KM, Foster NE, et al. Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;378(9802):1560–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiler SW, Foeh KP, van Mark A, Touissant R, Sonntag N, Gaessler A, et al. Outpatient rehabilitation of workers with musculoskeletal disorders using structured workplace description. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2009;82(4):427–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunning KK, Davis KG, Kotowski SE, Elliott T, Jewell G, Lockey J. Can a transitional work grant program in a workers’ compensation system reduce cost and facilitate return to work? J Occup Environ Hyg. 2008;5(9):547–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ege SC. Consulting in industry: moving beyond traditional interventions. Work. 2006;26(3):243–50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Weese C. How multiple interventions reduced injuries and costs in one plant. Work. 2006;26(3):251–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fitko J, Kalina C, Fisher A, Mitchell J. A cost-effectiveness analysis of an in-house corporate occupational medical department. J Occup Med. 1994;36(2):161–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Linton SJ, Boersma K, Jansson M, Svärd L, Botvalde M. The effects of cognitive-behavioral and physical therapy preventive interventions on pain-related sick leave: a randomized controlled trial. Clin J Pain. 2005;21(2):109–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staal JB, Hlobil H, van Tulder MW, Waddell G, Burton AK, Koes BW, et al. Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain: an international comparison. Occup Environ Med. 2003;60(9):618–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waddell G. Burton AK, Main CJ. Screening to identify people at risk of long-term incapacity for work: a conceptual and scientific review. London: Royal Society Medicine Press; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• van Oostrom SH, Driessen MT, de Vet HCW, Franche RL, Schonstein E, Loisel P, et al. Workplace interventions for preventing work disability. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(2)CD006955.
   Google Scholar
• Waddell G, Burton AK. Concepts of rehabilitation for the management of low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2005;19(4):655–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuijer PP, Gouttebarge V, Brouwer S, Reneman MF, Frings-Dresen MH. Are performance-based measures predictive of work participation in patients with musculoskeletal disorders? A systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2012;85(2):109–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wind H, Gouttebarge V, Kuijer PP, Sluiter JK, Frings-Dresen MH. Effect of functional capacity evaluation information on the judgment of physicians about physical work ability in the context of disability claims. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2009;82(9):1087–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilworth G, Smyth G, Smith J, Tennant A. The development and validation of the Office Work Screen. Occup Med (Lond). 2008;58(4):289–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nassau DW. The effects of prework functional screening on lowering an employer’s injury rate, medical costs, and lost work days. Spine. 1999;24(3):269–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlqvist L, Gard G. Health-promoting educational interventions: a one-year follow-up study. Scand J Public Health. 2013;41(1):32–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tompa E, Dolinschi R, de Oliveira C, Irvin E. A systematic review of OHS interventions with economic evaluations. Vol 1 [document on the Internet]. Toronto, ON: Institute for Work & Health; 2007 [cited 2013 April 2]. Available from: http://www.iwh.on.ca/sys-reviews/a-systematic-review-of-ohs-interventions-with-economic-evaluations
   Google Scholar
• Rivilis I, Van Eerd D, Cullen K, Cole DC, Irvin E, Tyson J, et al. Effectiveness of participatory ergonomic interventions on health outcomes: a systematic review. Appl Ergon. 2008;39(3):342–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harbin G, Olson J. Post-offer, pre-placement testing in industry. Am J Ind Med. 2005;47(4):296–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson C, Briggs J. A study of the effectiveness of ergonomically-based functional screening tests and their relationship to reducing worker compensation injuries. Work. 2008;31(1):27–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cole DC, Van Eerd D, Bigelow P, Rivilis I. Integrative interventions for MSDs: nature, evidence, challenges & directions. J Occup Rehabil. 2006;16(3):359–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grayzel E, Finegan A, Ponchak R. The value of in-house physical therapy. J Occup Environ Med. 1997;39(4):344–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Classifications: international classification of functioning, disability and health [document on the Internet]. 2001 [cited 2013 Mar 30]. Available from: ICF and ICF-CY Online http://apps.who.int/classifications/icfbrowser/
   Google Scholar
• Collins KM, Custer SE, DelRio BS. Ergonomics education in accredited physical therapy programs in the US [Master of Science thesis]. Springfield, MA: Springfield College; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Miller DJ, Collins K, Custer S, DelRio B. Ergonomics education in entry level physical therapy programs in the US: report of a survey. Orthop Phys Ther Pract. 2003;15(1);32–3.
   Google Scholar
• Miller DJ, Fearon F. Incorporating occupational health/ergonomics content into the professional physical therapy curriculum. Presented at: APTA Combined Sections Meeting, 2004 Feb 4–7; Nashville, TN.
   Google Scholar
• Adam K, Peters S, Chipchase L. Knowledge, skills and professional behaviours required by occupational therapist and physiotherapist beginning practitioners in work-related practice: a systematic review. Aust Occup Ther J. 2013;60(2):76–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan JM, Geroy GD, Isernhagen SJ. Nonclinical competencies: a survey of occupational health physical therapists. J Orthop Phys Ther. 1994;19(5):305–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson DK, Lohman WH, Brosseau LM, Fredrickson AL, McGovern PM, Gerberich SG, et al. Crosscutting competencies for occupational health and safety professionals. J Pub Health Manage Pract. 2005;11(3):235–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reetoo KN, Harrington JM, Macdonald EB. Required competencies of occupational physicians: a Delphi survey of UK customers. Occup Environ Med. 2005;62:406–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker BA, Dodd K, Greaves IA, Zheng CJ, Brosseau L, Guidotti T. Occupational medicine physicians in the United States: demographics and core competencies. J Occup Environ Med. 2007;49(4):388–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardiner BT, Pransky G, Shaw WS, Hong QN, Loisel P. Researcher perspectives on competencies of return-to-work coordinators. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32(1):72–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Childs JD, Whitman JM, Sizer PS, Pugia ML, Flynn TW, Delitto A. A description of physical therapists’ knowledge in managing musculoskeletal conditions. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2005;6:32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Physical Therapy Association. A normative model of physical therapist professional education. Alexandria, VA: American Physical Therapy Association; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• American Physical Therapy Association. Minimum required skills of physical therapist graduates at entry-level. BOD G11-05-20-49 [document on the Internet]. 2005 [cited 2013 Mar 30]. Available from: http://www.apta.org/uploadedFiles/APTAorg/About_Us/Policies/BOD/Education/MinReqSkillsPTGrad.pdf#search = %22Minimum Required Skills of Physical Therapist Graduates at Entry Level%22
   Google Scholar
• Federation of the State Boards of Physical Therapy. Activities performed by entry-level physical therapists identified during the 2006 analysis of practice [document on the Internet]. [cited 2013 Mar 30]. Available from: http://www.fsbpt.org/download/PA2006_PTEntryLevelActivities20080818.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association. Physical therapist in occupational health guidelines [document on the Internet]. 2011 [updated from 2001 APTA guidelines; cited 2013 April 2]. Available from: http://www.orthopt.org/uploads/content_files/OHSIG_Guidelines/OHSIG_guidelines_2/PT_IN_OCCUPATIONAL_HEALTH.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association. Occupational health physical therapy: physical therapist management of the acutely injured worker [document on the Internet]. 2011 [updated from 2001 APTA guidelines; cited 2013 April 2]. Available from: http://www.orthopt.org/uploads/content_files/OHSIG_Guidelines/OHSIG_guidelines_2/OCCUPATIONAL_HEALTH_INJURED_WORKER.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association. Occupational health physical therapy: evaluating functional capacity guidelines [document on the Internet]. 2011 [updated from 2001 APTA guidelines; cited 2013 April 2]. Available from: http://www.orthopt.org/uploads/content_files/OHSIG_Guidelines/OHSIG_guidelines_2/Occupational_Hlth_PT_Evaluating_Functional_Capacity_040610__2_.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association. Occupational health physical therapy: work-related injury/illness prevention and ergonomics guideline [document on the Internet]. 2011 [updated from 2001 APTA guidelines; cited 2013 April 2]. Available from: http://www.orthopt.org/uploads/content_files/OHSIG_Guidelines/OHSIG_guidelines_2/OCCUPATIONAL_HEALTH_WORK_RELATED_INJURY_PREVENTION.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association. Occupational health physical therapy: advanced work rehabilitation guideline [document on the Internet]. 2011 [updated from 2001 APTA guidelines; cited 2013 April 2]. Available from: http://www.orthopt.org/uploads/content_files/OHSIG_Guidelines/OHSIG_guidelines_2/Work_Rehab_Guideline_Final_Draft_4_1_11.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association. Occupational health physical therapy: legal and risk management issues guidelines [document on the Internet]. 2011 [updated from 2001 APTA guidelines; cited 2013 April 2]. Available from: http://www.orthopt.org/uploads/content_files/OHSIG_Guidelines/OHSIG_guidelines_2/OCCUPATIONAL_HEALTH_in_PT_LEGAL_RISK_MGT.pdf
   Google Scholar
• American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties. Policies and Procedures [documented on the Internet]. 2010. [cited 2013 May 19]. Available from; http://www.abpts.org/uploadedFiles/ABPTSorg/About_ABPTS/ABPTS_PoliciesProcedures.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Specialty Council on Orthopedic Physical Therapy. Orthopedic physical therapy description of specialty practice. Alexandria, VA: American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Specialty Council on Sports Physical Therapy. Sports physical therapy description of specialty practice. Alexandria, VA: American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Feuerstein M, Harrington C. Secondary prevention of work-related upper extremity disorders: recommendations from the Annapolis conference. J Occup Rehabil. 2006;16(3):401–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw WS, van der Windt DA, Main CJ, Loisel P, Linton SJ; Decade of the Flags Working Group. Early patient screening and intervention to address individual-level occupational factors (blue flags) in back disability. J Occup Rehabil. 2009;19(1):64–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw WS, Main CJ, Johnston V. Addressing occupational factors in the management of low back pain: implications for physical therapist practice. Phys Ther. 2011;91(5):777–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldana SG, Greenlaw RL, Diehl HA, Salberg A, Merrill RM, Ohmine S, et al. The behavioral and clinical effects of therapeutic lifestyle change on middle-aged adults. Prev Chronic Dis. 2006;3(1):A05.
   Google Scholar