676
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Electrochemical machining of hard metals – WC/Co as example

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 21-30 | Received 03 May 2013, Accepted 15 Jun 2013, Published online: 06 Dec 2013

References

  • Lohrengel M. M., Klüppel I., Rosenkranz C., Bettermann H. and Schultze J. W.: ‘Microscopic investigations of electrochemical machining of Fe in NaNO3’, Electrochim. Acta, 2003, 48, 3203–3211.
  • Lohrengel M. M. and Rosenkranz C.: ‘Microlectrochemical surface and product investigations during electrochemical machining (ECM) in NaNO3’, Corros. Sci., 2005, 47, 785–794.
  • Coughanowr C. A., Dissaux B. A., Muller R. H. and Tobias C. W.: ‘Electrochemical machining of refractory materials’, J. Appl. Electrochem., 1986, 16, 345–356.
  • Davydov A., Shaldaev V., Malofeeva A. and Savotin I.: ‘Electrochemical dissolution of tungsten under pulsed conditions’, J. Appl. Electrochem., 1997, 27, 351–354.
  • Levin A. and Nechayev A.: ‘Electrochemical machining of WC–Co carbides with an asymmetrical alternating current’, Elektronnaya Obrab. Mat., 1971, 1, 12–15.
  • Gamov O.: ‘The influence of electrolyte pH on the strength of tungsten carbides during electrochemical machining’, Elektronnaya Obrab. Mat., 1973, 1, 18–20.
  • Levinger R. and Malkin S.: ‘Electrochemical grinding of WC–Co cemented carbides’, J. Manuf. Sci., 1979, 101, 285–294.
  • Davydov A. D., Klepikov R. P. and Moroz I. I.: ‘Electrochemical machining of tungsten carbide based hard alloys in neutral solutions with application of anodic pulses’, Elektronnaya Obrab. Mat., 1981, 1, 23–26.
  • Schubert N., Schroth S., Schneider M. and Michaelis A.: ‘Untersuchungen zum elektrochemischen Bearbeiten von Hartmetallen’, Proc. 33. Ulmer Gespräch, DGO Deutsche Gesellschaft für Galvano- und Oberflächentechnik e. V., Leuze Verlag, Bad Saulgau, 2011, 38–47.
  • Schroth S., Schneider M. and Michaelis A., (eds. J. Deconinck and D. De Wilde), Proc. Int. Symp. on ‘Electrochemical machining technology’, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Uitgeverij VUBPRESS Brussels University Press, Silhouet, Maldegem, 2010, 67–73.
  • Kellner J., Lynch R. and Virtanen S.: ‘influence of Ca ions and temperature on the corrosion behavior of WC-Co hardmetals in alkaline solutions’, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 2010, 28, 370–376.
  • Hochstrasser(-Kurz) S., Mueller Y., Latkoczy C., Virtanen S. and Schmutz P.: ‘Analytical characterization of the corrosion mechanisms of WC–Co by electrochemical methods and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy’, Corros. Sci., 2007, 49, 2002–2020.
  • Schnyder B., Stössel-Sittig C., Kötz R., Hochstrasser-Kurz S., Virtanen S., Jaeggi C., Eichenberger N. and Siegenthaler H.: ‘Investigation of the electrochemical behaviour of WC-Co hardmetal with electrochemical and surface analytical methods’, Surf. Sci., 2004, 566–568, 1240–1245.
  • Levinger R. and Malkin S.: ‘Electrochemical grinding of WC–Co cemented carbides’, Trans. ASME J. Eng. Ind., 1979, 101, 285–294.
  • Pourbaix M.: ‘Atlas of electrochemical equilibria in aqueous solutions’; 1974, Houston, Tex. NACE International.
  • Parshutin V. V., Petrov Y. N. and Loskutov A. I.: ‘Special features of the anodic dissolution of hard alloys of type VK in nitrate–alkaline electrolytes’, Elektronnaya Obrab. Mat., 1970, 3, 15–20.
  • Schneider M., Schroth S., Richter S., Höhn S., Schubert N. and Michaelis A.: ‘In-situ investigation of the interplay between microstructure and anodic copper dissolution under near-ECM conditions – Part 1: the active state’, Electrochim. Acta, 2011, 56, 7628–7636.
  • Lohrengel M. M., Rataj K. P. and Münninghoff T. R.: ‘Struktur und prozesse – die oberfläche beim electrochemical machining’, Galvanotechnik, 2012, 103, 260–264.
  • Münninghoff M. M.: in ‘On the fundamental interface kinetics during ECM’, (ed. Mollay B. and Lohrengel M. M.), Proc. Int. Symp. on ‘Electrochemical machining technology’, Centre of Electrochemical Surface Technology Vienna, düsseldorf university press, Düsseldorf, 2011, 10–11.
  • Hammer C., Walther B., Karabulut H. and Lohrengel M. M.: ‘Quantified oxygen evolution at microelectrodes’, J. Solid State Electrochem., 2011, 15, 1885–1891.
  • Lohrengel M. M., Rosenkranz C., Klüppel I., Moehring A., Bettermann H., Deconinck J., Van den Bossche B.: ‘A new microcell or microreactor for material surface investigations at large current densities’, Electrochim. Acta, 2004, 49, 2863–2870.
  • Walther B., Walther J., Walther A. and Lohrengel M. M.: ‘Electrochemical dissolution of hard metal alloys’, Electrochim. Acta, 2007, 52, 7732–7737.
  • Kellner F., Hildebrand H. and Virtanen S.: ‘Effect of WC grain size on the corrosion behavior of WC-Co based hardmetals in alkaline solution’, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 2009, 27, 806–812.
  • Hochstrasser-Kurz S.: ‘Mechanistic study of the corrosion reactions on WC-Co hardmetal in aqueous solution – an investigation by electrochemical methods and elemental solution analysis’, PhD dissertation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland, 2006.
  • Andersson K. and Bergström L.: ‘Oxidation and dissolution of tungsten carbide powder in water’, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 2000, 18, 121–129.
  • Göhr H.: ‘Über anodisch gebildete oxidische Deckschichten auf Kobalt in wässriger Lösung – I. Zur Thermodynamik des Systems Kobalt – Wässrige Lösung’, Electrochim. Acta, 1966, 11, 827–834.
  • Schubert N., Schneider M. and Michaelis A.: ‘The mechanism of anodic dissolution of cobalt in neutral and alkaline electrolyte at high current density’, Electrochim. Acta, article in press, DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.093.
  • Natsu W., Ikeda T. and Kunieda M.: ‘Generating complicated surface with electrolyte jet machining’, Precis. Eng., 2007, 31, 33–39.
  • Natsu W., Ooshiro S. and Kunieda M.: ‘Research on generation of three-dimensional surface with micro electrolyte jet machining’, CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol., 2008, 1, 27–34.
  • Hackert M., Meichsner G., Jahn S. and Schubert A.: (2010) Investigating the influence of dynamic jet shapes on the jet electrochemical machining process. Proc. 4th European COMSOL Conf., Paris, France, November 2010.
  • Hackert-Oschätzchen M., Martin A., Meichsner G., Kowalick M., Zeidler H. and Schubert A.: ‘Inverse jet electrochemical machining for functional edge shaping of micro bores’, Proc. CIRP, 2013, 6, 379–384.
  • Masuzawa T. and Kimura M.: ‘Electrochemical surface finishing of tungsten carbide alloy’, CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol., 1991, 40, 199–202.
  • Bozzini B., Gaudenzi G. P. D., Fanigliulo A. and Mele C.: ‘Anodic behaviour of WC-Co type hardmetal’, Mater. Corros., 2003, 54, 295–303.
  • Hackert-Oschätzchen M., Meichsner G., Zinecker M., Martin A. and Schubert A.: ‘Micro machining with continuous electrolytic free jet’, Precis. Eng., 2012, 36, 612–619.
  • Hackert-Oschätzchen M., Martin A., Meichsner G., Zinecker M. and Schubert A.: ‘Micro structuring of carbide metals applying jet electrochemical machining’, Precis. Eng., 2013, 37, 621–634.
  • Hackert-Oschätzchen M., Martin A., Meichsner G. and Schubert A.: ‘Micro structuring of carbide metals with jet electrochemical machining’, Proc. 12th EUSPEN Int. Conf., Stockholm, Sweden, June 2012, Vol. 2, 528–532.
  • Schubert A., Hackert M. and Meichsner G.: ‘Simulating the influence of the nozzle diameter on the shape of micro geometries generated with jet electrochemical machining’, Proc. 3rd European COMSOL Conf., 2009.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.