High speed fusion weld bead defects

References

• D. T. Swift-Hook and A. E. F. Gick: Weld. J., 1973, 52, (11), 492–499.
   Google Scholar
• P. W. Fuerschbach: Proc. Symp. TMS Fall Meet., (ed. M. J. Cieslak et al.), 21–29; 1992, Cincinnati, OH, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society.
   Google Scholar
• D. Rosenthal: Weld. J., 1941, 20, 220–234.
   Google Scholar
• C. M. Adams, Jr: Weld. J., 1958, 37, (5), 210–215.
   Google Scholar
• B. J. Bradstreet: Weld. J., 1968, 47, (6), 314–322.
   Google Scholar
• ‘Welding handbook’, Vol. 1, ‘Welding science and technology’, (eds C. L. Jenny and A. O’Brien) 9th edn, 805; 2001, Miami, FL, American Welding Society.
   Google Scholar
• H. R. Shakeri, Y. Lee, M. J. Worswick, F. Feng, W. Christy and J. A. Clarke: SAE Trans. J. Mater. Manuf., 2001, 110, 101–110.
   Google Scholar
• T. C. Nguyen: ‘Weld defects in high-speed gas metal arc welding’, PhD thesis, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• T. C. Nguyen, D. C. Weckman, D. A. Johnson and H. W. Kerr: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2005, 10, (4), 447–459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Nishiguchi, K. Matsuyama, K. Terai and K. Ikeda: Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. on ‘Advanced welding technology’, Osaka, Japan, August 1975, Japan Welding Society, Paper 2–2-(10).
   Google Scholar
• T. Yamamoto and W. Shimada: Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. on ‘Advanced welding technology’, Osaka, Japan, August 1975, Japan Welding Society, Paper 2–2-(7).
   Google Scholar
• W. F. Savage, E. F. Nipples and K. Agusa: Weld. J., 1979, 58, (7), 212–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Hiramoto, M. Ohmine, T. Okuda and A. Shinmi: Proc. Int. Conf. on ‘Laser advanced material processing: science and application’, Osaka, Japan, May 1987, High Temperature Society of Japan and Japan Laser Processing Society, 157–162.
   Google Scholar
• C. E. Albright and S. Chiang: J. Laser Appl., 1988, 1, (1), 18–24.
   Google Scholar
• S. Tsukamoto, H. Irie, M. Inagaki and T. Hashimoto: Trans. Natl Res. Inst. Met., 1983, 25, (2), 62–67.
   Google Scholar
• S. Tsukamoto, H. Irie, M. Inagaki and T. Hashimoto: Trans. Natl Res. Inst. Met., 1984, 26, (2), 133–140.
   Google Scholar
• M. Tomie, N. Abe and Y. Arata: Trans. JWRI, 1989, 18, (2), 175–180.
   Google Scholar
• N. Yamauchi and T. Taka: IIW document 212G-437–78, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• N. Yamauchi and T. Taka: IIW document 212G-452–79, 1979.
   Google Scholar
• K. Nishiguchi and A. Matsunawa: Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. on ‘Advanced welding technology’, Osaka, Japan, August 1975, Japan Welding Society, Paper 2–2-(5).
   Google Scholar
• V. R. Dillenbeck and L. Castagno: Weld. J., 1987, 66, (9), 45–49.
   Google Scholar
• S. Subramaniam and D. R. White: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2001, 32B, (2), 313–318.
   Google Scholar
• S. Schiaffino and A. A. Sonin: J. Fluid Mech., 1997, 343, 95–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. F. Lancaster (ed.): ‘The physics of welding’, 2nd edn, 1986, Oxford, Pergamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• W. Shimada and S. Hoshinouchi: J. Jpn Weld. Soc., 1982, 51, (3), 280–286.
   Google Scholar
• N. Abe, M. Tomie and Y. Arata: Trans. Jpn Weld. Res. Inst., 1994, 23, (1), 103–104.
   Google Scholar
• M. G. Deutsch, A. Punkari, D. C. Weckman and H. W. Kerr: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2003, 8, (4), 246–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Punkari, D. C. Weckman and H. W. Kerr: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2003, 8, (4), 269–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. F. Mendez: ‘Order of magnitude scaling of complex engineering problems, and its application to high productivity arc welding’, PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• P. F. Mendez and T. W. Eagar: Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on ‘Trends in welding research’, (ed. J. M. Vitek et al.), 13–18; 1998, Pine Mountain, Georgia, ASM International.
   Google Scholar
• P. F. Mendez, K. L. Niece and T. W. Eagar: Proc. Int. Conf. on ‘Joining of advanced and specialty material II’, (eds M. Singh, J. E. Indacocochea, K. Ikeuchi, J. Matinez, J. N. Dupont) Cincinnati, OH, USA, 1999, ASM International.
   Google Scholar
• P. F. Mendez and T. W. Eagar: Weld. J., 2003, 82, (10), 296–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Biglou, ‘GTA weld process modelling using principal component analysis techniques’, MASc thesis, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• J. A. Brooks and J. C. Lippold: in ‘ASM handbook’, Vol. 6, ‘Welding, brazing and soldering’, (ed. J. R. Davies et al.), 456–457; 1993, Materials Park, OH, ASM International.
   Google Scholar
• Lord Rayleigh: Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., 1879, 10, 4–13.
   Google Scholar
• J. N. Anno: ‘The mechanics of liquid jets’; 1977, Toronto, Lexington Books.
   Google Scholar
• K. Ishizaki: Proc. Int. Conf. on ‘Weld pool chemistry and metallurgy’, London, UK, April 1980, Welding Institute, 65–76.
   Google Scholar
• G. Simon, U. Gratzke, J. Kroos, B. Specht and M. Vicanek: Proc. ECLAT ’92 Conf. on ‘Laser treatment of material’, Gottingen, Germany, October 1992, DGM Informationsgesellschaft mbH, 681–686.
   Google Scholar
• H. Hügel, F. Dausinger, P. Berger, M. Beck and J. Griebsch: Proc. ECLAT ’94 Conf. on ‘Laser treatment of materials’, Bremen, Germany, September 1994, DVS-VerlagforDeutscherVerbandfur Schweisstechnuk, 63–74.
   Google Scholar
• U. Gratzke, P. D. Kapadia, J. Dowden, J. Kross and G. Simon: J. Phys. D Appl. Phys., 1992, 25, (11), 1640–1647.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Bagger and F. Olsen: Proc. Conf. ICALEO ’98: ‘Laser material processing’, Orlando, FL, November 1998, Laser Institute of America, Vol. 85, 43–52.
   Google Scholar
• F. Gao and A. Sonin: Proc. Conf. on ‘Mathematical, physical and engineering sciences’, 533–554; 1994, London, The Royal Society.
   Google Scholar
• E. O. Paton, S. L. Mandel’berg and B. G. Sidorenko: Avt. Svarka, 1971, 24, 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• M. L. Lin and T. W. Eagar: Weld. J., 1985, 64, (6), 163–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. L. Lin and T. W. Eagar: Metall. Trans. B, 1986, 17B, (3), 601–607.
   Google Scholar
• V. I. Shchetinina, L. K. Leshchinskii, A. N. Serenko, V. P. Ermolov, B. B. Sologurb, S. V. Gulakov and V. G. Bendrik: Svar. Proiz., Weld. Produc., 1981, 28, (4), 1–2.
   Google Scholar
• M. Beck, P. Berger, F. Dausinger and H. Hügel: Proc. 8th Int. Symp. on ‘Gas flow and chemical lasers’, Madrid, Spain, September 1990, International Society of Optical Engineering, 769–774.
   Google Scholar
• Y. Arata and E. Nabegata: Trans. JWRI, 1978, 7, (1), 101–109.
   Google Scholar
• K. A. Lyttle: in ‘ASM handbook’, Vol. 6, ‘Welding, brazing and soldering’, (ed. J. R. Davies et al.), 64–69; 1993, Materials Park, OH, ASM International.
   Google Scholar
• K. Michie, S. Blackman and T. E. B. Ogunbiyi: Weld. J., 1999, 78, (5), 31–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Holmes: Proc. Conf. on ‘Robotic arc welding’, Orlando, FL, USA, December 2000, AWS, 239–255.
   Google Scholar
• T. Ueyama, T. Ohnawa, M. Tanaka and K. Nakata: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2005, 10, (6), 750–759.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U. Dilthey, D. Fuest, A. Huwer, J. Schneegans and L. Jacobskötter: Proc. Int. Conf. Joining/welding 2000, The Hague, Netherlands, July 1991, Pengamon Press for International Institute of Welding, 89–96.
   Google Scholar
• J. Xie: Weld. J., 2002, 81, (10), 223–230.
   Google Scholar
• T. Iwase, K. Shibata, H. Sakamoto, F. Dausinger, B. Hobenberger, M. Müller, A. Matsunawa and N. Seto: Proc. Conf. ICALEO 2000: ‘Laser materials processing’, Orlando, FL, USA, October 2000, Laser Institute of America, Vol. 89, 26–34.
   Google Scholar
• M. Kern, P. Berger and H. Hugel: Weld. J., 2000, 79, (3), 72–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Shannon: ‘Laser welding of sheet steel’, PhD thesis, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• D. J. Magnusson and R. C. Threlfo: Weld. J., 1969, 48, (3), 198–203.
   Google Scholar