Dung matters: An experimental study into the effectiveness of using dung from hay-fed livestock to reconstruct local vegetation

References

• Akeret, Ö., Haas, J. N., Lezinger, U. and Jacomet, S. 1999. Plant macrofossils and pollen in goat/sheep faeces from the Neolithic lake-shore settlement Arbon Bleiche 3, Switzerland. The Holocene 9, 175–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnolds, E. and Van der Maarel, E. 1979. De oecolog ische groepen in de Standaardlijst van de Nederlandse flora 1975. Gorteria 9, 303–12.
   Google Scholar
• Bakker, J. P., Gálvez Bravo, L. and Mouissie, A. M. 2008. Dispersal by cattle of salt-marsh and dune species into salt-marsh and dune communities. Plant Ecology 197, 43–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazzaz, F. A., Ackerly, D. D., Woodward, F. I. and Rochefort, L. 1992. CO2 enrichment and dependence of reproduction on density in an annual plant and a simulation of its population. Journal of Ecology 80, 643–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behre, K. E. 1976. Die Pflanzenreste aus der frühgeschichtlichen Wurt Elisenhof. Bern/Frankfurt am Main: Herbert Lang/Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Berglund, B. E., Emanuelsson, U., Persson, S. and Persson, T. 1986. Pollen/vegetation relationships in grazed and mowed plant communities of South Sweden, pp. 37–51 in Behre, K.-E. (ed.), Anthropogenic Indicators in Pollen Diagrams. Rotterdam: Balkema.
   Google Scholar
• Birks, H. H. 1973. Modern macrofossils in lake sediments in Minnesota, pp. 173–89 in Birks, H. J. B. and West, R. G. (eds.), Quaternary Plant Ecology. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Boedeltje, G., Bakker, J. P., Ten Brinke, A., Van Groenendael, J. M. and Soesbergen, M. 2003. Plant dispersal in a lowland stream in relation to occurrence and three specific life-history traits of the species in the species pool. Journal of Ecology 91, 55–66.
   Google Scholar
• Brinkkemper, O. 1993. Wetland Farming in the Area to the South of the Meuse Estuary during the Iron Age and Roman Period. An Environmental and Palaeo-Economic Reconstruction. Dissertation, Leiden University, Leiden.
   Google Scholar
• Broström, A. 2002. Estimating Source Area of Pollen and Pollen Productivity in Cultural Landscapes of Southern Sweden – Developing a Palynological Tool for Quantifying Past Plant Cover. Dissertation, Lund University, Lund.
   Google Scholar
• Broström, A., Gaillard, M. J., Ihse, M. and Odgaard, B. 1998. Pollen-landscape relationships in modern analogues of ancient cultural landscapes in southern Sweden – a first step towards quantification of vegetation openness in the past. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 7, 189–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunting, M. J. 2003. Pollen-vegetation relationships in non-arboreal moorland taxa. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 125, 285–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cappers, R. T. J. 1995. Botanical macro-remains of vascular plants of the Heveskesklooster terp (the Netherlands) as tools to characterize the past environment. Palaeohistoria 35/36, 107–69.
   Google Scholar
• Cappers, R. T. J. 2006. The reconstruction of agricultural practices in ancient Egypt: an ethnoarchaeobotanical approach. Palaeohistoria 47/48, 429–46.
   Google Scholar
• Cappers, R. T. J. 2008. Onderzoek aan macroscopische plantenresten, pp. 233–58 in Nicolay, J. A. W. and Dijkstra, J. (eds.), Een terp op de schop. Archeologisch onderzoek op het Oldehoofsterkerkhof te Leeuwarden (=ADC Monografie 3). Amersfoort: ADC Archeoprojecten.
   Google Scholar
• Cappers, R. T. J. and Bekker, R. M. 2013. A Manual for the Identification of Plant Seeds and Fruits. Eelde: Barkhuis Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Carrión, J. S. 2002. A taphonomic study of modern pollen assemblages from dung and surface sediments in arid environments of Spain. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 120, 217–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrión, J. S., Scott, L., Huffman, T. and Dreyer, C. 2000. Pollen analysis of Iron Age cow dung in southern Africa. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 9, 239–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caseldine, C. and Pardoe, H. 1994. Surface pollen studies from alpine/sub-alpine southern Norway: applications to Holocene data. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 82, 1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cosyns, E. and Hoffmann, M. 2005. Horse dung germinable seed content in relation to plant species abundance, diet composition and seed characteristics. Basic and Applied Ecology 6, 11–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Court-Picon, M., Buttler, A. and Beaulieu, J.-L. 2005. Modern pollen-vegetation relationships in the Champsaur valley (French Alps) and their potential in the interpretation of fossil pollen records of past cultural landscapes. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 135, 13–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couvreur, M., Cosyns, E., Hermy, M. and Hoffmann, M. 2005. Complementarity of epi- and endozoochory of plant seeds by free ranging donkeys. Ecography 28, 37–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawley, M. J. 1992. Seed predators and plant population dynamics, pp. 157–91 in Fenner, M. (ed.), Seeds. The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. Melksham: Redwood Press Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Dieffenbacher-Krall, A. C. 2007. Plant macrofossil methods and studies, surface samples, taphonomy, representation, pp. 2367–74 in Elias, S. A. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Oxford: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Everts, F. H. and De Vries, N. P. J. 1991. De vegetatieontwikkeling van beekdalsystemen. Een landschapsoecologische studie van enkele Drentse beekdalen. Groningen: Historische Uitgeverij.
   Google Scholar
• Faegri, K. and Iversen, J. 1989. Textbook of Pollen Analysis (4th edition). Chichester: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Fenner, M. 1985. Seed Ecology. London/New York: Chapman and Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Gaillard, M.-J. and Birks, H. H. 2013. The contribution of plantmacrofossil analysis to paleolimnology, pp. 657–73 in Elias, S. A. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (2nd edition). Oxford: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Groenman-van Waateringe, W. 1986. Grazing possibilities in the Neolithic of the Netherlands based on palynological data, pp. 187–202 in Behre, K.-E. (ed.), Anthropogenic Indicators in Pollen Diagrams. Rotterdam: Balkema.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, A. and Kenward, H. 1998. Disentangling dung: pathways to stable manure. Environmental Archaeology 1, 123–6.
   Google Scholar
• Hennekens, S. M. and Schaminée, J. H. J. 2001. TURBOVEG, a comprehensive database management system for vegetation data. Journal of Vegetation Science 12, 589–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janzen, D. H. 1984. Dispersal of small seeds by big herbivores: foliage is the fruit. The American Naturalist 123, 338–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, R. (ed.) 2012. Manure Matters: Historical, Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspectives. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Karg, S. 1998. Winter- and spring-foddering of sheep/goat in the Bronze Age site of Fiavè-Carera, Northern Italy. Environmental Archaeology 1, 87–94.
   Google Scholar
• Kleyer, M., Bekker, R. M., Knevel, I. C., Bakker, J. P., Thompson, K., Sonnenschein, M., Posclod, P., Van Groenendael, J. M., Klimes, L., Klimesová, J., Klotz, S., Rusch, G. M., Hermy, M., Adriaens, D., Boedeltje, G., Bossuyt, B., Dannemann, A., Endels, P., Götzenberger, L., Hodgson, J. G., Jackel, A. K., Kühn, I., Kunzmann, D., Ozinga, W. A., Römermann, C., Stadler, M., Schlegelmilch, J., Steendam, H. J., Tackenberg, O., Wilmann, B., Cornelisen, J. H. C., Eriksson, O., Garnier, E. and Peco, B. 2008. The LEDA traitbase: a database of life-history traits of Northwest European flora. Journal of Ecology 96, 1266–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KNMI 2011. Maandoverzicht van het weer in Nederland. Juni 2011. De Bilt: Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut.
   Google Scholar
• KNMI 2013. Maandoverzicht van het weer in Nederland. Juni 2013. De Bilt: Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut.
   Google Scholar
• Körber-Grohne, U. 1967. Geobotanische Untersuchungen auf der Feddersen Wierde. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Körber-Grohne, U. 1991. Identification methods, pp. 3–24 in Van Zeist, W., Wasylikowa, K. and Behre, K.-E. (eds.), Progress in Old World Palaeoethnobotany. Rotterdam: Balkema.
   Google Scholar
• Kühn, M., Maier, U., Herbig, C., Ismail-Mayer, K., Le Bailly, M. and Wick, L. 2013. Methods for the examination of cattle, sheep and goat dung in prehistoric wetland settlements with examples of the sites Alleshausen-Täschenwiesen and Alleshausen-Grundwiesen (around cal 2900 BC) at Lake Federsee, south-west Germany. Environmental Archaeology 18, 43–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linseele, V., Riemer, H., Baeten, J., De Vos, D., Marinova, E. and Ottoni, C. 2013. Species identifications of archaeological dung remains: a critical review of potential methods. Environmental Archaeology 18, 5–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marinova, E., Linseele, V. and Kühn, M. 2013. Bioarchaeological research on animal dung – possibilities and limitations. Environmental Archaeology 18, 1–3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouissie, A. M., Lengkeek, W. and Van Diggelen, R. 2005a. Estimating adhesive seed-dispersal distances: field experiments and correlated random walks. Functional Ecology 19, 478–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouissie, A. M., Van der Veen, C. E. J., Veen, G. F. C. and Van Diggelen, R. 2005b. Ecological correlates of seed survival after ingestion by fallow deer. Functional Ecology 19, 284–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieuwhof, A. and Woldring, H. 2008. Botanische resten, pp. 160–76 in Nieuwhof, A. (ed.), De Leege Wier van Englum. Archeologisch onderzoek in het Reitdiepgebied (=Berichten van de Vereniging voor Terpenonderzoek 91). Groningen: Vereniging van Terpenonderzoek.
   Google Scholar
• Overpeck, J. T., Webb, T. III and Prentice, I. C. 1985. Quantitative interpretation of fossil pollen spectra. Dissimilarity coefficients and the method of modern analogs. Quaternary Research 23, 87–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallon, S., Solowey, E., Cohen, Y., Korchinsky, R., Egli, M., Woodhatch, I., Simchoni, O. and Kislev, M. 2008. Germination, genetics, and growth of an ancient date seed. Science 320, 1464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaminée, J. H. J., Stortelder, A. H. F. and Weeda, E. J. 1996. De vegetatie van Nederland. Volume 3. Uppsala: Opulus Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schepers, M., Cappers, R. T. J. and Bekker, R. M. 2013. A review of prehistoric and early historic mainland salt marsh vegetation in the northern-Netherlands based on the analysis of plant macrofossils. Journal of Coastal Conservation 17, 755–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahack-Gross, R. 2011. Herbivorous livestock dung: Formation, taphonomy, methods for identification, and archaeological significance. Journal of Archaeological Science 38, 205–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorensen, A. E. 1986. Seed dispersal by adhesion. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 17, 443–63.
   Google Scholar
• Stiles, E. W. 1980. Patterns of fruit presentation and seed dispersal in bird-disseminated woody plants in the eastern deciduous forest. The American Naturalist 116, 670–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroh, P. A., Owen Mountford, J. and Hughes, F. M. R. 2012. The potential for endozoochorous dispersal of temperate fen plant species by free-roaming horses. Applied Vegetation Science 15, 359–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugita, S. 1994. Pollen representation of vegetation in quaternary sediments: theory and method in patchy vegetation. Journal of Ecology 82, 881–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zeist, W. 1989. Plant remains from a Middle Iron Age coastal marsh site near Middelstum. An intriguing cereal grain find. Helinium 28, 103–16.
   Google Scholar
• Wallace, M. and Charles, M. 2013. What goes in does not always come out: the impact of the ruminant digestive system of sheep on plant material, and its importance for the interpretation of dung-derived archaeobotanical assemblages. Environmental Archaeology 18, 18–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weeda, E. J., Westra, R., Westra, CH. and Westra, T. 1994. Nederlandse oecologische flora. Wilde planten en hun relaties 5. Amsterdam: IVN.
   Google Scholar
• Wells, F. H. and Lauenroth, W. K. 2007. The potential for horses to disperse alien plants along recreational trails. Rangeland Ecology and Management 60, 574–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woldring, H. and Kleine, E. 2008. Pollenanalyse van de mestlagen: aanwijzingen van de intensivering van de begrazing in de Romeinse tijd, pp. 259–67 in Nicolay, J. A. W. and Dijkstra, J. (eds.), Een terp op de schop. Archeologisch onderzoek op het Oldehoofsterkerkhof te Leeuwarden. Amersfoort: ADC Archeoprojecten.
   Google Scholar
• Wolters, M. and Bakker, J. P. 2002. Soil seed bank and driftline composition along a successional gradient on a temperate salt marsh. Applied Vegetation Science 5, 55–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yashina, S., Gubin, S., Maksimovich, S., Yashina, A., Gakhova, E. and Gilichinsky, D. 2012. Regeneration of whole fertile plants from 30,000-y-old fruit tissue buried in Siberian permafrost. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, 4008–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar