References
- Wilson BC, Jarvis BL, Haydon III RC. Nontraumatic subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint: Grisel’s syndrome. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1987; 96: 705–708.
- Lee SC, Lui TN, Lee ST. Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation in skeletally immature patients. Br J Neurosurg 2002; 16: 154–157.
- Subach BR, McLaughlin MR, Albright AL, Pollack IF. Current management of pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. Spine 1998; 23: 2174–2179.
- Fielding J, Hawkins R. Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1977; 59: 37–44.
- Ono K, Yonenobu K, Fuji T, Okada K. Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. Radiographic study of its mechanism. Spine 1985; 10: 602–608.
- Lewit K, Rosina A. Manipulation under general anaesthesia for acute subluxation between atlas and axis in three children. J Orthop Med 1995; 17: 78–83.
- Park SW, Cho KH, Shin YS et al. Successful reduction for a pediatric chronic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (Grisel syndrome) with longterm halter traction: case report. Spine 2005; 30: E444–E449.
- Greenman P. Principles of Manual Medicine, 2nd edn. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
- Haasbeek JF, Lessard JA. Isolated atlantoaxial rotatory fixation in a child with seronegative spondyloarthropathy presenting with torticollis. J Rheumatol 1998; 25: 169–172.
- Wang YF, Mu-Huo TM, Sun YC, Yuan WH, Chang CY. Torticollis due to atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. J Clin Neurosci 2008; 15: 316–318.
- Wieringa JW, Wolfs TF, van Houten MA. Grisel syndrome following meningitis and anaerobic bacteremia with Bacteroides ureolyticus. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26: 970–971.
- Hicazi A, Acaroglu E, Alanay A, Yazici M, Surat A. Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation-subluxation revisited: a computed tomographic analysis of acute torticollis in pediatric patients. Spine 2002; 27: 2771–2775.
- Wortzman G, Dewar FP. Rotary fixation of the atlantoaxial joint: rotational atlantoaxial subluxation. Radiology 1968; 90: 479–487.
- Goel VK, Winterbottom JM, Schulte KR et al. Ligamentous laxity across C0–C1–C2 complex. Axial torque-rotation characteristics until failure. Spine 1990; 15: 990–996.
- Winkelmann W. Type-B-IIIa hip rotationplasty: an alternative operation for the treatment of malignant tumors of the femur in early childhood. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2000; 82: 814–828.
- Wolff J. The Law of Bone Remodeling. Translated by Maquet P, Furlong R. ( eds). New York: Springer, 1986.
- Muir P, McCarthy J, Radtke C et al. Role of endochondral ossification of articular cartilage and functional adaptation of the subchondral plate in the development of fatigue microcracking of joints. Bone 2006; 38: 342–349.