Notes
- H. W. Dickinson and R. Jenkins, James Watt and the Steam Engine (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1927), p. 328; ‘within six years of the erection of the first Boulton and Watt engine in Cornwall, Watt was able to say that there was but one Newcomen engine left in the county […]’.
- L. T. C. Rolt and J. S. Allen, The Steam Engine of Thomas Newcomen (Hartington: Moorland Publishing Company; New York: Science History Publications, both 1977).
- G. T. Newbould, ‘The Atmospheric Engine at Parkgate’, Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 15 (1934), 225–28; G. T. Newbould, ‘Notes on Newcomen Atmospheric Engines’, Transactions of the Midland Institute of Mining Engineers, xxiv (1918), 167–92. Newbould’s 1918 article discusses both the Westfield engine (pp. 168–82) and the ‘Old Elsecar’ engine (pp. 182–92) and was obtained from the Sheffield Local Studies Library, Local Pamphlet Vol. 217, No. 8.
- Newbould (1918), p. 177. The graphic contained in this article was redrawn from the original reference; adjusted and annotated for additional clarity.
- <http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statisitics/source/cv/cv.aspx> [accessed 4 January 2010]. The UK was a major coal producer throughout the period of the industrial revolution.
- O. Lyle, The Efficient Use of Steam (London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1947), p. 578. Lyle reports bituminous coal heating values as ranging from 11,000 to 13,000 Btu/ lb and states an average value at 12,000.
- Rolt, p. 126.
- Newbould (1918) and Newbould (1934).
- Newbould (1918), p. 173. Photographs included in this article show tupping pieces on both ends of the walking beam and spring beams on both the inside and outside of the engine house.
- Newbould (1934), p. 226.
- Newbould (1934), pp. 225–28.
- <http://www.ukminingremains.co.uk/#/westfield-pit/4545303103> [accessed 22 March 2012].
- Rolt and Allen, p. 132.
- Ibid.
- Newbould (1934), p. 228.
- Boiler Operators Handbook (London: Graham & Trotman, 1989), p. 55.
- Lyle, p. 575.
- Newbould (1934), p. 228.
- L. T. C. Rolt, Thomas Newcomen — A Prehistory of the Steam Engine (London: David & Charles, 1963), p. 126.
- J. Bourne, A Treatise on the Steam-Engine in its Various Applications to Mines, Mills, Steam Navigation, Railways, and Agriculture (London: Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, 1861), p. 9. Bourne’s treatise was published multiple times around this specific year and with various dates. The other editions also contain the data used in this paper.
- Newbould (1918), p. 171. Newbould reports that the original boilers for the Westfield engine were of the ‘beehive’ or ‘haycock’ design. These were replaced by Cornish boilers in 1839 and subsequently by three 30×7 feet Lancashire boilers in 1884. These were the boilers that Newbould used during his indicator measurements.