High frequency of McKenzie’s postural syndrome in young population of non‐care seeking individuals

REFERENCES

• Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara A, Koes BW. Meta‐analysis: exercise therapy for non‐specific low back pain. Ann Intern Med 2005; 142: 765–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maniadakis N, Gray A. The economic burden of back pain in the UK. Pain 2000; 84: 95–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker EWP, Verhagen AP, van Trjffel E, Lucas C, Koes BW. Spinal mechanical load as a risk factor for low back pain: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009; 34: E281–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoogendoorn WE, van Poppel MNM, Bongers PM, Koes BW, Bouter LM. Systematic review of psychosocial factors at work and private life as risk factors for back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000; 25: 2114–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagerstrom M, Hansson T, Hagberg M. Work‐related low‐back problems in nursing. Scand J Work Environ Health 1998; 24: 449–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent PM, Keating JL. Can we predict poor recovery from recent‐onset nonspecific low back pain? A systematic review. Man Ther 2008; 13: 12–28.
   Google Scholar
• Pincus T, Burton AK, Vogel S, Field AP. A systematic review of psychological factors as predictors of chronicity/disability in prospective cohorts of low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002; 27: E109–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sherehiy B, Karwowski W, Marek T. Relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders in the nursing profession: a systematic review. Occup Ergon 2004; 4: 241–79.
   Google Scholar
• Sherehiy B, Karwowski W, Marek T. Risk factors for work‐related musculoskeletal disorders in the nursing profession: a review. Ergonomia 2004; 26: 19–47.
   Google Scholar
• Pheasant S. Ergonomics, work and health. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press Ltd; 1991. 32, 47.
   Google Scholar
• Bakker EWP, Verhagen AP, Lucas C, Koning HJCMF, de Haan RJ, Koes BW. Daily spinal mechanical load as a risk factor for acute non‐specific low back pain: a case‐control study using the 24‐Hour Schedule. Eur Spine J 2007; 16: 107–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eklund JAE, Corlett EN. Evaluation of spinal loads and chair design in seated work tasks. Clin Biomech 1987; 2: 27–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geldhof E, de Clercq D, de Bourdeaudhuij I, Cardon G. Classroom postures of 8–12 year old children. Ergonomics 2007; 50: 1571–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harms M. Effect of wheelchair design on posture and comfort of users. Physiother 1990; 76: 266–71.
   Google Scholar
• Harms‐Ringdahl K. On assessment of shoulder exercise and load‐elicited pain in the cervical spine. Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl 1986; 14: 1–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoogendoorn WE, Bongers PM, de Vet HC, Douwes M, Koes BW, Miedema MC, et al.. Flexion and rotation of the trunk and lifting at work are risk factors for low back pain: results of a prospective cohort study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000; 25: 3087–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knutsson B, Lindh K, Telhag H. Sitting – an electromyographic and mechanical study. Acta Orthop Scand 1966; 37: 415–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal AC. The correct height of school furniture. Physiother 1984; 70: 48–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McGill SM, Fenwick CMJ. Using a pneumatic support to correct sitting posture for prolonged periods: a study using airline seats. Ergonomics 2009; 52: 1162–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Deursen LL, Patijn J, Durinck JR, Brouwer R, van Erven‐Sommers JR, Vortman BJ. Sitting and low back pain: the positive effect of rotatory dynamic stimuli during prolonged sitting. Eur Spine J 1999; 8: 187–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Womersley L, May S. Sitting posture of subjects with postural backache. J Manip Physiol Ther 2006; 29: 213–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Sulivan P, Dankaerts W, Burnett A, Chen D, Booh R, Carlsen C, et al.. Evaluation of the flexion relaxation phenomenon of the trunk muscles in sitting. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006; 31: 2009–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin G, Mirka GA. An in vivo assessment of the low back response to prolonged flexion: interplay between active and passive tissues. Clin Biomech 2007; 22: 965–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunk NM, Kedgley AE, Jenkyn TR, Callaghan JP. Evidence of a pelvis‐driven flexion pattern: are the joints of the lower lumbar spine fully flexed in seated postures? Clin Biomech 2009; 24: 164–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams MA, Hutton WC. The effect of fatigue on the lumbar intervertebral disc. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1983; 65: 199–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams MA, Hutton WC. Gradual disc prolapse. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1985; 10: 524–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams MA, Green TP, Dolan P. The strength in anterior bending of lumbar intervertebral discs. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1994; 19: 2197–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedman TP, Fernie GR. Mechanical response of the lumbar spine to seated postural loads. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1997; 22: 734–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilder DG, Pope MH, Frymoyer JW. The biomechanics of lumbar disc herniations and the effect of overload and instability. J Spinal Disord 1988; 1: 16–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoops H, Zhou BH, Lu Y, Solomonow M, Patel V. Short rest between cyclic flexion periods is a risk factor for a lumbar disorder. Clin Biomech 2007; 22: 745–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sbriccoli P, Yousuf K, Kupershtein I, Solomonow M, Zhou BH, Zhu MP, et al.. Static load repetition is a risk factor in the development of lumbar cumulative musculoskeletal disorder. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2004; 29: 2643–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang DL, Jiang SD, Dai LY. Biologic response of the intervertebral disc to static and dynamic compression in vitro. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007; 32: 2521–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartvigsen J, Leboeuf‐Yde C, Lings S, Corder EH. Is sitting‐while‐at‐work associated with low back pain? A systematic, critical literature review. Scand J Public Health 2000; 28: 230–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lis AM, Black KM, Korn H, Nordin M. Association between sitting and occupational low back pain. Eur Spine J 2007; 16: 283–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen ST, Hartvigsen J. Spinal curves and health: a systematic critical review of the epidemiological literature dealing with associations between sagittal spinal curves and health. J Manip Physiol Ther 2008; 31: 690–714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nachemson A, Vingard E. Influences of individual factors and smoking on neck and low back pain. In: Nachemson AL, Jonsson E, editors. Neck and back pain: the scientific evidence of causes, diagnosis, and treatment.Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000. 79–95.
   Google Scholar
• McKenzie R, May S. The lumbar spine – mechanical diagnosis and therapy. 2nd ed.Waikanae: Spinal Publications New Zealand Ltd;; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Razmjou H, Kramer JF, Yamada R. Intertester reliability of the McKenzie evaluation in assessing patients with mechanical low‐back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2000; 30: 368–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hefford C. McKenzie classification of mechanical spinal pain: profile of syndromes and directions of preference. Man Ther 2008; 13: 75–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May S. Classification by McKenzie’s mechanical syndromes: a survey of McKenzie‐trained faculty. J Manip Physiol Ther 2006; 29: 637–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenzie RA. The lumbar spine: mechanical diagnosis and therapy. Low Hutt: Spinal Publications 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Pynt J, Mackey MG, Higgs J. Kyphosed seated postures: extending concepts of postural health beyond the office. J Occup Rehabil 2008; 18: 35–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffries LJ, Milanese SF, Grimmer‐Somers KA. Epidemiology of adolescent spine pain. A systematic overview of the research literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007; 32: 2630–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dankaerts W, O’Sullivan P, Burnett A, Straker L. Differences in sitting postures are associated with non‐specific chronic low back pain disorders when patients are subclassified. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006; 31: 698–704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dankaerts W, O’Sullivan P, Burnett A, Straker L, Davey P, Gupta R. Discriminating healthy controls and 2 clinical subgroups of NSCLBP using trunk activation and posture and movements. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009; 34: 1610–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar