The assessment of function. Part II: clinical perspective of a javelin thrower with low back and groin pain

References

• Fogel GR, Esses SI. Hip spine syndrome: management of coexisting radiculopathy and arthritis of the lower extremity. Spine J. 2003;3:238–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abenhaim L, Rossignol M, Gobeille D, Bonvalot Y, Fines P, Scott S. The prognostic consequences in the making of the initial medical diagnosis of work-related back injuries. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20:791–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown MD, Gomez-Marin O, Brookfield KF, Li PS. Differential diagnosis of hip disease versus spine disease. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004:280–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Offierski CM, MacNab I. Hip-spine syndrome. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1983;8:316–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wainner RS, Whitman JM, Cleland JA, Flynn TW. Regional interdependence: a musculoskeletal examination model whose time has come. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007;37:658–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleland JA, Childs JD, Fritz JM, Whitman JM, Eberhart SL. Development of a clinical prediction rule for guiding treatment of a subgroup of patients with neck pain: use of thoracic spine manipulation, exercise, and patient education. Phys Ther. 2007;87:9–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyles RE, Ritland BM, Miracle BM, Barclay DM, Faul MS, Moore JH, et al.. The short-term effects of thoracic spine thrust manipulation on patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. Man Ther. 2009;14:375–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitman JM, Flynn TW, Childs JD, Wainner RS, Gill HE, Ryder MG, et al.. A comparison between two physical therapy treatment programs for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized clinical trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31:2541–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell B, McCrory P, Brukner P, O’Donnell J, Colson E, Howells R. Hip joint pathology: clinical presentation and correlation between magnetic resonance arthrography, ultrasound, and arthroscopic findings in 25 consecutive cases. Clin J Sport Med. 2003;13:152–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodge JC, Bessette B. The incidence of sacroiliac joint disease in patients with low-back pain. Can Assoc Radiol J. 1999;50:321–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarzer AC, Aprill CN, Bogduk N. The sacroiliac joint in chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;20:31–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sembrano JN, Polly DW. How often is low back pain not coming from the back? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34:E27–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borenstein DG, O’Mara JW, Boden SD, Lauerman WC, Jacobson A, Platenberg C, et al.. The value of magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine to predict low-back pain in asymptomatic subjects: a seven-year follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83A:1306–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carragee E, Alamin T, Cheng I, Franklin T, Haak van denE, Hurwitz E. Are first-time episodes of serious LBP associated with new MRI findings? Spine J. 2006;6:624–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kleinstuck F, Dvorak J, Mannion AF. Are ‘structural abnormalities’ on magnetic resonance imaging a contraindication to the successful conservative treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31:2250–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modic MT, Obuchowski NA, Ross JS, Brant-Zawadzki MN, Grooff PN, Mazanec DJ, et al.. Acute low back pain and radiculopathy: MR imaging findings and their prognostic role and effect on outcome. Radiology. 2005;237:597–604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espeland A, Baerheim A. Factors affecting general practitioners’ decisions about plain radiography for back pain: implications for classification of guideline barriers — a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2003;3:8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ransohoff DF. Challenges and opportunities in evaluating diagnostic tests. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002;55:1178–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shye D, Freeborn DK, Romeo J, Eraker S. Understanding physicians’ imaging test use in low back pain care: the role of focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 1998;10:83–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahrmann S. Are physical therapists fulfilling their responsibilities as diagnosticians? J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005;35:556–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith-Bindman R, McCulloch CE, Ding A, Quale C, Chu PW. Diagnostic imaging rates for head injury in the ED and states’ medical malpractice tort reforms. Am J Emerg Med. 2011;29:656–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz DA, Williams GC, Brown RL, Aufderheide TP, Bogner M, Rahko PS, et al.. Emergency physicians' fear of malpractice in evaluating patients with possible acute cardiac ischemia. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;46:525–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrier ER, Reschovsky JD, Mello MM, Mayrell RC, Katz D. Physicians’ fears of malpractice lawsuits are not assuaged by tort reforms. Health Aff (Millwood). 2010;29:1585–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendee WR, Becker GJ, Borgstede JP, Bosma J, Casarella WJ, Erickson BA, et al.. Addressing overutilization in medical imaging. Radiology. 2010;257:240–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeKay ML, Asch DA. Is the defensive use of diagnostic tests good for patients, or bad? Med Decis Making. 1998;18:19–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Studdert DM, Mello MM, Sage WM, DesRoches CM, Peugh J, Zapert K, et al.. Defensive medicine among high-risk specialist physicians in a volatile malpractice environment. JAMA. 2005;293:2609–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiting P, Toerien M, de Salis I, Sterne JA, Dieppe P, Egger M, et al.. A review identifies and classifies reasons for ordering diagnostic tests. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60:981–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feddock CA. The lost art of clinical skills. Am J Med. 2007;120:374–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiman MP, Manske RC. The assessment of function, Part 1 — How is it measured? A clinical perspective. J Man Manip Ther. 2011;19:91–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henschke N, Maher CG, Refshauge KM, Herbert RD, Cumming RG, Bleasel J, et al.. Prevalence of and screening for serious spinal pathology in patients presenting to primary care settings with acute low back pain. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60:3072–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waddell G, Newton M, Henderson I, Somerville D, Main CJ. A Fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability. Pain. 1993;52:157–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz JM, George SZ, Delitto A. The role of fear-avoidance beliefs in acute low back pain: relationships with current and future disability and work status. Pain. 2001;94:7–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaeyen JW, Linton SJ. Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art. Pain. 2000;85:317–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waddell G, Somerville D, Henderson I, Newton M. Objective clinical evaluation of physical impairment in chronic low back pain. Spine. 1992;17:617–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton AK, Waddell G, Tillotson KM, Summerton N. Information and advice to patients with back pain can have a positive effect. A randomized controlled trial of a novel educational booklet in primary care. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999;24:2484–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laslett M, Oberg B, Aprill CN, McDonald B. Centralization as a predictor of provocation discography results in chronic low back pain, and the influence of disability and distress on diagnostic power. Spine J. 2005;5:370–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berthelot JM, Delecrin J, Maugars Y, Passuti N. Contribution of centralization phenomenon to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of diskogenic low back pain. Joint Bone Spine. 2007;74:319–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lurie JD. What diagnostic tests are useful for low back pain? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2005;19:557–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvik JG, Deyo RA. Imaging of lumbar intervertebral disk degeneration and aging, excluding disk herniations. Radiol Clin North Am 2000;38:1255–66vi.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sink EL, Gralla J, Ryba A, Dayton M. Clinical presentation of femoroacetabular impingement in adolescents. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:806–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birrell F, Croft P, Cooper C, Hosie G, Macfarlane G, Silman A. Predicting radiographic hip osteoarthritis from range of movement. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001;40:506–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laslett M, Aprill CN, McDonald B, Young SB. Diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain: validity of individual provocation tests and composites of tests. Man Ther. 2005;10:207–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, Leigh S, Yu B. Sequences of upper and lower extremity motions in javelin throwing. J Sports Sci. 2010;28:1459–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McElveen MT, Riemann BL, Davies GJ. Bilateral comparison of propulsion mechanics during single-leg vertical jumping. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24:375–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kent DL, Haynor DR, Larson EB, Deyo RA. Diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis in adults: a metaanalysis of the accuracy of CT, MR, and myelography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992;158:1135–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvik JG, Deyo RA. Diagnostic evaluation of low back pain with emphasis on imaging. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:586–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boden SD, Davis DO, Dina TS, Patronas NJ, Wiesel SW. Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:403–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haig AJ, Geisser ME, Tong HC, Yamakawa KS, Quint DJ, Hoff JT, et al.. Electromyographic and magnetic resonance imaging to predict lumbar stenosis, low-back pain, and no back symptoms. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89:358–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jensen MC, Brant-Zawadzki MN, Obuchowski N, Modic MT, Malkasian D, Ross JS. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine in people without back pain. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:69–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maus T. Imaging the back pain patient. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2010;21:725–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saal JS. General principles of diagnostic testing as related to painful lumbar spine disorders: a critical appraisal of current diagnostic techniques. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27:2538–45; discussion 2546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Windt van derDA, Simons E, Riphagen II, Ammendolia C, Verhagen AP, Laslett M, et al.. Physical examination for lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation in patients with low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(2):CD007431.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cook C, Hegedus E. Diagnostic utility of clinical tests for spinal dysfunction. Man Ther. 2011;16:21–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Graaf I, Prak A, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Thomas S, Peul W, Koes B. Diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic review of the accuracy of diagnostic tests. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31:1168–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shum GL, Crosbie J, Lee RY. Three-dimensional kinetics of the lumbar spine and hips in low back pain patients during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32:E211–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shum GL, Crosbie J, Lee RY. Symptomatic and asymptomatic movement coordination of the lumbar spine and hip during an everyday activity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30:E697–702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shum GL, Crosbie J, Lee RY. Effect of low back pain on the kinematics and joint coordination of the lumbar spine and hip during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30:1998–2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crossley KM, Zhang WJ, Schache AG, Bryant A, Cowan SM. Performance on the single-leg squat task indicates hip abductor muscle function. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39:866–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perrott M, Cook J, Pizzari T. Clinical rating of poor lumbo-pelvic stability is associated with quantifiable, distinct movement patterns. J Sci Med Sport 2010;12(Supplement 2):E6.
   Google Scholar
• Anson E, Cook C, Comacho C, Gwilliam B, Karakostas T. The use of education in the improvement of finding R1 in the lumbar spine. J Man Manip Ther. 2003;11:204–12.
   Google Scholar
• Maher CG, Simmonds M, Adams R. Therapists’ conceptualization and characterization of the clinical concept of spinal stiffness. Phys Ther. 1998;78:289–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook C, Turney L, Miles A, Ramirez L, Karakostas T. Predictive factors in poor inter-rater reliability among physical therapists. J Man Manip Ther. 2002;10:200–5.
   Google Scholar
• van Trijffel E, Anderegg Q, Bossuyt PM, Lucas C. Inter-examiner reliability of passive assessment of intervertebral motion in the cervical and lumbar spine: a systematic review. Man Ther. 2005;10:256–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jull G, Bogduk N, Marsland A. The accuracy of manual diagnosis for cervical zygapophysial joint pain syndromes. Med J Aust. 1988;148:233–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jull G, Treleaven J, Verace G. Manual examination: Is pain provocation a major cue for spinal dysfunction? Aust J Physiother. 1994;40:159–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dickey JP, Pierrynowski MR, Bednar DA, Yang SX. Relationship between pain and vertebral motion in chronic low-back pain subjects. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2002;17:345–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiman MP, Manske RC. Functional testing in human performance. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Smeets RJ, Hijdra HJ, Kester AD, Hitters MW, Knottnerus JA. The usability of six physical performance tasks in a rehabilitation population with chronic low back pain. Clin Rehabil. 2006;20:989–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powers CM. The influence of altered lower-extremity kinematics on patellofemoral joint dysfunction: a theoretical perspective. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33:639–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Trijffel E, van de Pol RJ, Oostendorp RA, Lucas C. Inter-rater reliability for measurement of passive physiological movements in lower extremity joints is generally low: a systematic review. J Physiother. 2010;56:223–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeterbakken AH, Tillaar van denR, Seiler S. Effect of core stability training on throwing velocity in female handball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25:712–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockbrugger BA, Haennel RG. Contributing factors to performance of a medicine ball explosive power test: a comparison between jump and nonjump athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2003;17:768–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeda Y, Kijima K, Kawabata K, Fuchimoto T, Ito A. Relationship between side medicine-ball throw performance and physical ability for male and female athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;99:47–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar