232
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Thermal wood modification chemistry analysed using van Krevelen's representation

, &
Pages 166-171 | Received 03 Jan 2013, Accepted 11 Feb 2013, Published online: 18 Nov 2013

References

  • Ahajji A, Diouf PN, Aloui F, Elbakali I, Perrin D, Merlin A, George B. 2009. Influence of heat treatment on antioxidant properties and colour stability of beech and spruce wood and their extractives. Wood Sci. Technol. 43(1–2): 69–83.
  • Chaouch M, Pétrissans M, Pétrissans A, Gérardin P. 2010. Use of wood elemental composition to predict heat treatment intensity and decay resistance of different softwood and hardwood species. Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 95(12): 2255–2259.
  • Chaouch M. 2011. Effet de l’intensité du traitement sur la composition élémentaire et la durabilité du bois traité thermiquement : développement d’un marqueur de prédiction de la résistance aux champignons basidiomycètes. PhD thesis, Henri Poincaré University, Nancy, France.
  • Ding T, Gu L, Liu X. 2011. Influence of steam pressure on chemical changes of heat-treated Mongolian pine wood. BioResources. 6(2): 1880–1889.
  • Engelund E, Thygesen L, Svensson S, Hill CAS. A critical discussion of the physics of wood–water interactions. 2012. Wood Sci. Technol. DOI. 10·1007/s00226-012-0514-7
  • Fengel D, Wegener G. 1983. Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Hill C.A.S., 2006. Wood modification – chemical, thermal and other processes. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Krevelen DWvan. 1950. Graphical-statistical method for the study of structure and reaction processes of coal. Fuel. 29: 269–284.
  • Lam PS. 2011. Steam explosion of biomass to produce durable wood pellets. PhD thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
  • LaRowe DE, van Cappellen P. 2011. Degradation of natural organic matter: A thermodynamic analysis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac. 75: 2030–2042.
  • McMurry J. 2008. Organic chemistry, 7th edn. Belmont: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
  • Nuopponen M, Vuorinen T, Jämsä S, Viitaniemi P. 2004. Thermal modifications in softwood studied by FT-IR and UV resonance Raman spectroscopies. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 24(1): 13–26.
  • Ping ZH, Nguyen QT, Chen SM, Zhou JQ, Ding YD. 2001. States of water in different hydrophilic polymers – DSC and FTIR studies. Polymer. 42: 8461–8467.
  • Prins MJ. 2005. Thermodynamic analysis of biomass gasification and torrefaction. PhD Thesis, University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherland.
  • Skaar C. 1988. Wood–water relations. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  • Tjeerdsma BF, Boonstra MJ, Pizzi A, Tekely P, Militz H. 1998. Characterisation of thermally modified wood: reasons for wood performance improvement. Holz Roh-Werkst. 56: 149–153.
  • Willems W, Tausch A, Militz H. 2010. Evidence for an antioxidant mechanism in the durability of high-pressure steam modified wood. Proc. 5th Eur. Conf. on Wood Modification ECWM5, (ed. Hill, C. A. S., Militz, H., and Andersons, B.). Riga: Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 127–134.
  • Willems W, Militz H. 2013a. The water vapour sorption mechanism and its hysteresis in wood. In preparation.
  • Willems W, Gérardin P, Militz H. 2013b. The average carbon oxidation state of thermally modified wood correlated with durability against Basidiomyctes. In preparation.
  • Zeitsch KJ. 2000. The chemistry and technology of furfural and its many by-products. Sugar Series 13. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.