240
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Physical exercise is associated with better fat mass distribution and lower insulin resistance in spinal cord injured individuals

, , , , &

References

  • National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. Spinal cord injury facts & figures at a glance [document on the Internet]. 2012 [updated 2012 February]. Available from: https://www.nscisc.uab.edu/PublicDocuments/fact_figures_docs/Facts%202012%20Feb%20Final.pdf.
  • Jackson AB, Dijkers M, Devivo MJ, Poczatek RB. A demographic profile of new traumatic spinal cord injuries: change and stability over 30 years. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85(11):1740–8.
  • Jones LM, Goulding A, Gerrard DF. DEXA: a practical and accurate tool to demonstrate total and regional bone loss, lean tissue loss and fat mass gain in paraplegia. Spinal Cord 1998;36(9):637–40.
  • Spungen AM, Adkins RH, Stewart CA, Wang J, Pierson RN, Jr, Waters RL, Bauman WA. Factors influencing body composition in persons with spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional study. J Appl Physiol 2003;95(6):2398–407.
  • Normell LA. Distribution of impaired cutaneous vasomotor and sudomotor function in paraplegic man. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 1974;138:25–41.
  • Maruyama Y, Mizuguchi M, Yaginuma T, Kusaka M, Yoshida H, Yokoyama K, et al. Serum leptin, abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2008;46(7):494–9.
  • Smith SR, Lovejoy JC, Greenway F, Ryan D, de Jonge L, de la Bretonne J, Volafova J, Bray GA. Contributions of total body fat, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments, and visceral adipose tissue to the metabolic complications of obesity. Metabolism 2001;50(4):425–35.
  • Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Ventura HO. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: risk factor, paradox, and impact of weight loss. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53(21):1925–32.
  • Gorgey AS, Mather KJ, Gater DR. Central adiposity associations to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in individuals with complete motor spinal cord injury. Metabolism 2011;60(6):843–51.
  • Cefalu WT, Wang ZQ, Werbel S, Bell-Farrow A, Crouse JR, 3rd, Hinson WH, Terry JG, Anderson R. Contribution of visceral fat mass to the insulin resistance of aging. Metabolism 1995;44(7):954–9.
  • Boyko EJ, Fujimoto WY, Leonetti DL, Newell-Morris L. Visceral adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study among Japanese Americans. Diabetes Care 2000;23(4):465–71.
  • Després JP. Cardiovascular disease under the influence of excess visceral fat. Crit Pathw Cardiol 2007;6(2):51–9.
  • Edwards LA, Bugaresti JM, Buchholz AC. Visceral adipose tissue and the ratio of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue are greater in adults with than in those without spinal cord injury, despite matching waist circumferences. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(3):600–7.
  • American College of Sports MedicineChodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, Fiatarone Singh MA, Minson CT, Nigg CR, Salem GJ, Skinner JS. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009;41(7):1510–30.
  • Hjeltnes N, Galuska D, Björnholm M, Aksnes AK, Lannem A, Zierath JR, Wallberg-Henriksson H. Exercise-induced overexpression of key regulatory proteins involved in glucose uptake and metabolism in tetraplegic persons: molecular mechanism for improved glucose homeostasis. FASEB J 1998;12(15):1701–12.
  • Mohr T, Dela F, Handberg A, Biering-Sørensen F, Galbo H, Kjaer M. Insulin action and long term-electrically induced training in individuals with spinal cord injuries. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33(8):1247–52.
  • Koury JC, Passos MC, Figueiredo FA, Chain A, Franco JG. Time of physical exercise practice after injury in cervical spinal cord-injured men is related to the increase in insulin sensitivity. Spinal Cord 2013;51(2):116–9.
  • Capaul M, Zollinger H, Satz N, Dietz V, Lehmann D, Schurch B. Analyses of 94 consecutive spinal cord injury patients using ASIA definition and modified Frankel score classification. Paraplegia 1994;32(9):583–7.
  • HOMA Calculator. The Oxford Center for Diabetes. Endocrinology & Metabolism, Diabetes Trial Unit. Available from: http://www.dtu.ox.ac.uk [Accessed 2011 December 20].
  • Mojtahedi MC, Valentine RJ, Arngrímsson SA, Wilund KR, Evans EM. The association between regional body composition and metabolic outcomes in athletes with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2008;46(3):192–7.
  • Wronska A, Kmiec Z. Structural and biochemical characteristics of various white adipose tissue depots. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012;205(2):194–208.
  • Bauman WA, Spungen AM. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in chronic spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2001;24(4):266–77.
  • Gorgey AS, Gater DR. A preliminary report on the effects of the level of spinal cord injury on the association between central adiposity and metabolic profile. PM R 2011;3(5):440–6.
  • LaVela SL, Evans CT, Prohaska TR, Miskevics S, Ganesh SP, Weaver FM. Males aging with a spinal cord injury: prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012;93(1):90–5.
  • Spungen AM, Bauman WA, Wang J, Pierson RN, Jr. Measurements of body fat in individuals with tetraplegia: a comparison of eight clinical methods. Paraplegia 1995;33(7):402–8.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.