1,457
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Editorial

Bone loss and fractures in limbs paralyzed by spinal cord injury: Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment

References

  • Morse LR, Lazzari AA, Battaglino R, Stolzmann KL, Matthess KR, Gagnon DR, et al. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry of the distal femur may be more reliable than the proximal tibia in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90(5):827–31.
  • Abramson AS. Bone disturbances in injuries to the spinal cord and cauda equina (paraplegia) their prevention by ambulation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1948;30A(4):982–7.
  • NIH consensus development panel on osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy, March 7–29, 2000: highlights of the conference. South Med J 2001;94(6):569–73
  • McKinley WO, Jackson AB, Cardenas DD, DeVivo MJ. Long-term medical complications after traumatic spinal cord injury: a regional model systems analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80(11):1402–10.
  • National Osteoporosis Foundation. Exercise for strong bones [accessed 2014 Oct 1]. Available from: http://nof.org/articles/238.
  • Hangartner TN, Rodgers MM, Glaser RM, Barre PS. Tibial bone density loss in spinal cord injured patients: effects of FES exercise. J Rehabil Res Dev 1994;31(1):50–61.
  • BeDell KK, Scremin AM, Perell KL, Kunkel CF. Effects of functional electrical stimulation-induced lower extremity cycling on bone density of spinal cord-injured patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1996;75(1):29–34.
  • Khosla S. Increasing options for the treatment of osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2009;361(8):818–20.
  • Favus MJ. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2010;363(21):2027–35.
  • Akhigbe T, Chin AS, Svircev JN, Hoenig H, Burns S, Weaver FM, et al. A retrospective review of lower extremity fracture care in patients with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2015;38(1):2–9.
  • The New Hampshire Falls Risk Reduction Task Force. The falls taskforce [accessed 2014 Oct 1]. Available from: http://www.nhfallstaskforce.org/wordpress/?page_id=6.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Injury prevention & control: data & statistics (WISQARSTM). 2002–2006 New Hampshire unintentional fall deaths and rates per 100,000, all races, both sexes, ages 65–85+ web site [accessed 2014 Oct 1]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html [updated 2013].
  • Garland DE, Shokes L. Management of lone bone fractures. In: Lin VW, (ed.) Spinal cord medicine: principles and practice. New York: Demos Medical Publishing, Inc.; 2003, p. 535–8.
  • Rogers T, Shokes LK. Extremity fracture management in acute spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2005;11(1):40–7.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.