548
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original research or treatment papers

Salt efflorescence on pottery in the Athenian Agora: A closer look

&
Pages 172-184 | Received 01 Feb 2013, Accepted 01 Sep 2013, Published online: 25 Jan 2014

References

  • Arnold, A. & Zehnder, K. 1991. Monitoring Wall Paintings Affected by Soluble Salts. In: S. Cather, ed. The Conservation of Wall Paintings, Proceedings of a Symposium Organized by the Courtauld Institute of Art and the Getty Conservation Institute, London, July 13–16, 1987. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, pp. 103–35.
  • Byne, L.S. 1899. The Corrosion of Shells in Cabinets. Journal of Conchology, 9: 253–54.
  • Doehne, E. 1994. Electron Microscopy Report. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, unpublished report.
  • Dowman, E.A. 1970. Conservation in Field Archaeology. London: Methuen.
  • Farnsworth, M. 1964. Greek Pottery: A Mineralogical Study. American Journal of Archaeology, 68(3): 221–28.
  • Farnsworth, M. & Immerwahr, S.A. 1966. The Use of Tin on Mycenaean Vases. Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 35: 381–96.
  • Fillieries, D., Harbottle G. & Sayre, E.V. 1983. Neutron-activation Study of Figurines, Pottery, and Workshop Materials from the Athenian Agora, Greece. Journal of Field Archaeology, 10: 55–69.
  • FitzHugh, E.W. & Gettens, R.J. 1971. Calclacite and Other Efflorescent Salts on Objects Stored in Wooden Museum Cases. In: R. Brill, ed. Science and Archaeology. Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 91–102.
  • Gibson, L.T., Cooksey, B.G., Littlejohn, D., Linnow, K., Steiger M. & Tennent, N.H. 2005. The Mode of Formation of Thecotrichite, a Widespread Calcium Acetate Chloride Nitrate Efflorescence. Studies in Conservation, 50(4): 284–94.
  • Gibson, L.T. & Watt, C.M. 2010. Acetic and Formic Acids Emitted from Wood Samples and their Effect on Selected Materials in Museum Environments. Corrosion Science, 52: 172–78.
  • Halsberghe, L., Gibson L.T. & Erhardt, D. 2005a. A Collection of Ceramics Damaged by Acetate Salts: Conservation and Investigation into the Causes. In: I. Verger, ed. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 14th triennial Meeting, Preprints. London: Earthscan Ltd., pp. 131–38.
  • Halsberghe, L., Erhardt, D., Gibson L.T. & Zehnder, K. 2005b. Simple Methods for the Identification of Acetate Salts on Museum Objects. In: I. Verger, ed. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 14th Triennial Meeting, Preprints. London: Earthscan Ltd., pp. 639–47.
  • Koob, S.P. 1986. The Use of Paraloid B-72 as an Adhesive: Its Application for Archaeological Ceramics and Other Materials. Studies in Conservation, 31: 7–14.
  • Koob, S.P. 2013. [Personal communication]. Corning, NY: Corning Museum of Glass.
  • Linnow, K., Halsberghe L. & Steiger, M. 2007. Analysis of Calcium Acetate Efflorescences Formed on Ceramic Tiles in a Museum Environment. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 8: 44–52.
  • Mau, L. 1992. Salt Efflorescence on Greek Pottery from the Agora Excavation. Malibu: J. Paul Getty Antiquities Laboratory, unpublished report.
  • Paterakis, A.B. 1990. A Preliminary Study of Salt Efflorescence in the Collection of the Ancient Agora, Athens, Greece. In: K. Grimstad, ed. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 9th Triennial Meeting, Preprints. Los Angeles: ICOM, pp. 675–79.
  • Paterakis, A.B. 1992. The Consolidation and Desalination of Ceramic Impregnated with Sodium Sulphate. In: P.B. Vandiver, J.R. Druzik, G.S. Wheeler & I.C. Freestone, eds. Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology III, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings No. 267. Pittsburgh: Materials Research Society, pp. 1071–76.
  • Paterakis, A.B. 1993. The Consolidation and Desalination of Ceramic Impregnated with Calcium Acetate. In: J. Bridgland, ed. Preprints of the ICOM Committee for Conservation 10th Triennial Meeting, Washington DC. Los Angeles: ICOM Committee for Conservation, pp. 704–08.
  • Paterakis, A.B. 1995. Efflorescence Testing of Pottery. In: P. Vincenzini, ed. The Ceramics Cultural Heritage. Faenza: Techna srl, pp. 661–68.
  • Paterakis, A.B. & Nunberg, S. 1996. The Stabilization of Archaeological Pottery in an Excavation Study Collection through Relative Humidity Control and through Desalination. In: M. Stefanaggi, ed. Le Dessalement des Matériaux Poreux, 7es Journées d'études de la SFIIC. Champs-sur-Marne: SFIIC, pp. 137–44.
  • Paterakis, A.B. 1998a. The Desalination of Consolidated Ceramics. In: A.B. Paterakis, ed. Glass, Ceramics and Related Materials, Preprints of the ICOM Committee for Conservation Working Group ‘Glass, Ceramics and Related Materials’ Interim Meeting. Helsinki: EVTEK – Institute of Arts & Design, pp. 144–53.
  • Paterakis, A.B. 1998b. Soil Analysis in the Athenian Agora. Athens: American School of Classical Studies , unpublished report.
  • Paterakis, A.B. 1999. Those Evasive Salt Crystals. In: J. Bridgland, ed. ICOM Committee for Conservation, 12th Triennial Meeting, Preprints. London: James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd, pp. 799–802.
  • Paterakis, A.B. 2003. The Influence of Conservation Treatments and Environmental Storage Factors on Corrosion of Copper Alloys in the Ancient Athenian Agora. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 42: 313–39.
  • Paterakis, A.B. 2013. Unpublished observations made and knowledge acquired while serving as Head of Conservation, Athenian Agora Excavations, American School of Classical Studies, Athens, Greece.
  • Price C., ed. 2000. An Expert Chemical Model for Determining the Environmental Conditions Needed to Prevent Salt Damage in Porous Materials. Protection and Conservation of the European Cultural Heritage, Project ENV4-CT95–0135 (1996–2000) Research Report No 11, European Commission Directorate-General Science, Research and Development. London: Archetype Publications, Ltd.
  • Rice, P.M. 1987. Pottery Analysis: A Sourcebook. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Robinet, L., Eremin, K., Cobo del Arco B. & Gibson, L.T. 2004. A Raman Spectroscopic Study of Pollution-induced Glass Deterioration. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 35: 662–70.
  • Rotroff, S. 2006. Hellenistic Pottery: The Plain Wares. The Athenian Agora, 33: iii–iv, vii–ix, xi–xxi, xxiii–xxxvii, 1, 3–53, 55–67, 69–223, 225–39, 241, 243–337, 339, 341–77, 379–91, 393–99, 401–03, 405–07, 409–29, 431–38.
  • Scott, A. 1926. The Cleaning and Restoration of Museum Exhibits, Third Report. London: H.M.S.O.
  • Stahlbuhk, A. 2012. Analyse von Calciumacetat-Ausblühungen auf Museumsexponaten (Analysis of Calcium Acetate Efflorescences on Museum Artifacts). BA Thesis, Universität Hamburg, Germany.
  • Steiger, M., Beyer R. & Dorn, J.A. 2000. Thermodynamic Model of the Na+–Ca2+–Cl–CH3COO–H2O System. In: C. Price, ed. An Expert Chemical Model for Determining the Environmental Conditions Needed to Prevent Salt Damage in Porous Materials, Protection and Conservation of the European Cultural Heritage Project ENV4-CT95-0135 (1996-2000) Research Report No 11, European Commission Directorate-General Science, Research and Development. London: Archetype Publications, Ltd., pp. 45–52.
  • Taboury, K.F. 1931. Des modifications chimiques de certaines substances calcaires conservees dans des meubles en bois. Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France, 49: 1289–93.
  • Van Tasssel, R., 1945. Une Efflorescence d'Acetatochlorure de Calcium sur des Roches Calcaires dans des Collections. Bulletin du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, 21, 26 (Dec.), Brussels.
  • Van Tassel, R. 1958. On the Crystallography of Calclacite, Ca(CH3COO)Cl·5H2O. Acta Crystallographica, 11: 745–46.
  • Wheeler, G.S. & Wypyski, M.T. 1993. An Unusual Efflorescence on Greek Ceramics. Studies in Conservation, 38: 55–62.
  • Zehnder, K. & Arnold, A. 1989. Crystal Growth in Salt Efflorescence. Journal of Crystal Growth, 97: 513–21.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.