An outbreak of hepatitis E and high maternal mortality at Port Sudan, Eastern Sudan

References

• Rein DB, Stevens G, Theaker J, Wittenborn JS, Wiersma ST. The global burden of hepatitis E virus. Hepatology. 2012;55:988–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aggarwal R, Naik S. Epidemiology of hepatitis E: current status. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;24:1484–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsega E, Krawczynski K, Hansson BG, Nordenfelt E, Negusse Y, Alemu W, et al.. Outbreak of acute hepatitis E virus infection among military personnel in northern Ethiopia. J Med Virol. 1991;34:232–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mushahwar IK, Dawson GJ, Bile KM, Magnius LO. Serological studies of an enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis in Somalia. J Med Virol. 1993;40:218–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjelloun S, Bahbouhi B, Bouchrit N, Cherkaoui L, Hda N, Coursaget P, et al.. Outbreak of enterically-transmitted hepatitis due to hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses. J Hepatol. 1998;28:745–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicand E, Armstrong GL, Enouf V, Guthmann JP, Guerin JP, Caron M, et al.. Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis E virus in Darfur, Sudan, and neighboring Chad. J Med Virol. 2005;77:519–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar RM, Uduman S, Rana S, Kochiyil JK, Usmani A, Thomas L. Sero-prevalence and motherto-infant transmission of hepatitis E virus among pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001;10:9–15.
   Google Scholar
• Navaneethan U, Al Mohajer M, Shata MT. Hepatitis E and pregnancy: understanding the pathogenesis. Liver Int. 2008;28:1190–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoszek SK, Abdel-Hamid M, Saleh DA, El Kafrawy S, Narooz S, Hawash Y, et al.. High prevalence of hepatitis E antibodies in pregnant Egyptian women. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006;100:95–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patra S, Kumar A, Trivedi SS, Puri M, Sarin SK. Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with acute hepatitis E virus infection. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:28–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adjei AA, Tettey Y, Aviyase JT, Adu-Gyamfi C, Obed S, Mingle JA, et al.. Hepatitis E virus infection is highly prevalent among pregnant women in Accra, Ghana. Virol J. 2009;6:108.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caron M, Kazanji M. Hepatitis E virus is highly prevalent among pregnant women in Gabon, central Africa, with different patterns between rural and urban areas. Virol J. 2008;5:158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boccia D, Guthmann JP, Klovstad H, Hamid N, Tatay M, Ciglenecki I, et al.. High mortality associated with an outbreak of hepatitis E among displaced persons in Darfur, Sudan. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:1679–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed RE, Karsany MS, Adam I. Brief report: acute viral hepatitis and poor maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant Sudanese women. J Med Virol. 2008;80:1747–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsheikh RM, Daak AA, Elsheikh MA, Karsany MS, Adam I. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in pregnant Sudanese women. Virol J. 2007;4:104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adam I, Jumaa AM, Elbashir HM, Karsany MS. Maternal and perinatal outcomes of dengue in PortSudan, Eastern Sudan. Virol J. 2010;7:153.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abdallah TM, Ali AA, Karsany MS, Adam I. Epidemiology of dengue infections in Kassala, Eastern Sudan. J Med Virol. 2012;84:500–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsega E, Krawczynski K, Hansson BG, Nordenfelt E. Hepatitis E virus infection in pregnancy in Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 1993;31:173–81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khuroo MS, Kamili S, Jameel S. Vertical transmision of hepatitis E virus. Lancet. 1995;315:1025–6.
   Google Scholar
• Jaiswal SP, Jain AK, Naik G, Soni N, Chitnis DS. Viral hepatitis during pregnancy. Int J Gynaec Obstet. 2001;72:103–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar A, Beniwal M, Kar P, Sharma JB, Murthy NS. Hepatitis E in pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2004;85:240–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh S, Mohanty A, Joshi YK, Dwivedi SN, Deka D. Outcome of hepatitis E virus infection in Indian pregnant women admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Med Res. 2001;113:35–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammed AA, Elnour MH, Mohammed EE, Ahmed SA, Abdelfattah AI. Maternal mortality in Kassala State — Eastern Sudan: community-based study using reproductive age mortality survey (RAMOS). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2011;11:102.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jilani N, Das BC, Husain SA, Baweja UK, Chattopadhya D, Gupta RK, et al.. Hepatitis E virus infection and fulminant hepatic failure during pregnancy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22:676–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emerson SU, Purcell RH. Hepatitis E virus. Rev Med Virol. 2003;13:145–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizuo H, Yazaki Y, Sugawara K, Tsuda F, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, et al.. Possible risk factors for the transmission of hepatitis E virus and for the severe form of hepatitis E acquired locally in Hokkaido. Japan. J Med Virol. 2005;76:341–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worm HC, van der Poel WH, Brandstaetter G. Hepatitis E: an overview. Microbes Infect. 2002;4:657–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purcell RH, Emerson SU. Hepatitis E: an emerging awareness of an old disease. J Hepatol. 2008;48:494–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng XJ. Recent advances in Hepatitis E virus. J Viral Hepat. 2010;17:153–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker TJ, Kirsch RE, Louw SJ, Isaacs S, Kannemeyer J, Robson SC. Hepatitis E in South Africa: evidence for sporadic spread and increased seroprevalence in rural areas. J Med Virol. 1996;50:117–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aubry P, Niel L, Niyongabo T, Kerguelen S, Larouze B. Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in an adult urban population from Burundi. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997;57:272–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinson FE, Marfo VY, Degraaf J. Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in children living in rural Ghana. West Afr J Med. 1999;18:76–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar