Hazardous substances in frequently used professional cleaning products

References

• Zock JP. World at work: cleaners. Occup Environ Med. 2005;62(8):581–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quirce S, Barranco P. Cleaning agents and asthma. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2010;20(7):542–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arif AA, Delclos GL, Whitehead LW, Tortolero SR, Lee ES. Occupational exposures associated with work-related asthma and work-related wheezing among U.S. workers. Am J Ind Med. 2003;44(4):368–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zock JP, Vizcaya D, Le Moual N. Update on asthma and cleaners. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;10(2):114–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaakkola JJ, Jaakkola MS. Professional cleaning and asthma. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;6(2):85–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynde CB, Obadia M, Liss GM, Ribeiro M, Holness DL, Tarlo SM. Cutaneous and respiratory symptoms among professional cleaners. Occup Med. 2009;59(4):249–54.
   Google Scholar
• Diepgen TL, Coenraads PJ. The epidemiology of occupational contact dermatitis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1999;72(8):496–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawkrodger DJ, Lloyd MH, Hunter JA. Occupational skin disease in hospital cleaning and kitchen workers. Contact Dermatitis. 1986;15(3):132–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bello A, Quinn M, Perry M, Milton D. Characterization of occupational exposures to cleaning products used for common cleaning tasks-a pilot study of hospital cleaners. Environ Health. 2009;8(1):11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Medina-Ramón M, Zock JP, Kogevinas M, Sunyer J, Torralba Y, Borrell A, . Asthma, chronic bronchitis, and exposure to irritant agents in occupational domestic cleaning: a nested case-control study. Occup Environ Med. 2005;62(9):598–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Moual N, Kennedy SM, Kauffmann F. Occupational exposures and asthma in 14,000 adults from the general population. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160(11):1108–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumas O, Donnay C, Heederik DJ, Héry M, Choudat D, Kauffmann F, . Occupational exposure to cleaning products and asthma in hospital workers. Occup Environ Med. 2012;69(12):883–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zock JP, Plana E, Jarvis D, Anto JM, Kromhout H, Kennedy SM, . The use of household cleaning sprays and adult asthma: an international longitudinal study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176(8):735–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zock JP, Plana E, Anto JM, Benke G, Blanc PD, Carosso A, . Domestic use of hypochlorite bleach, atopic sensitization, and respiratory symptoms in adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(4):731–8.e1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makela R, Kauppi P, Suuronen K, Tuppurainen M, Hannu T. Occupational asthma in professional cleaning work: a clinical study. Occup Med (Lond). 2011;61(2):121–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vizcaya D, Mirabelli MC, Antó J-M, Orriols R, Burgos F, Arjona L, . A workforce-based study of occupational exposures and asthma symptoms in cleaning workers. Occup Environ Med. 2011;68(12):914–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wieslander G, Norbäck D. A field study on clinical signs and symptoms in cleaners at floor polish removal and application in a Swedish hospital. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2010;83(5):585–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arif AA, Delclos GL. Association between cleaning-related chemicals and work-related asthma and asthma symptoms among healthcare professionals. Occup Environ Med. 2012;69(1):35–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zock JP, Kogevinas M, Sunyer J, Almar E, Muniozguren N, Payo F, . Asthma risk, cleaning activities and use of specific cleaning products among Spanish indoor cleaners. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2001;27(1):76–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allpura. Manuel de formation ‘La technique du nettoyage’, edn. Zurich, Verlag USTER-Info GmbH; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament C. Directive 1999/45/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 May 1999 concerning the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous preparations. 1999. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament C. Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances. 1967. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament C. Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (Text with EEA relevance). 2008. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament C. Commission Regulation (EU) No 453/2010 of 20 May 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) (Text with EEA relevance). 2010. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament C. Regulation (EC) No 2037/2000 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 June 2000 on substances that deplete the ozone layer. 2000. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament C. Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on persistent organic pollutants and amending Directive 79/117/EEC. 2004. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament C. Regulation (EC) No 689/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 concerning the export and import of dangerous chemicals. 2008. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu
   Google Scholar
• Lessmann H, Uter W, Schnuch A, Geier J. Skin sensitizing properties of the ethanolamines mono-, di-, and triethanolamine. Data analysis of a multicentre surveillance network (IVDK) and review of the literature. Contact Dermatitis. 2009;60(5):243–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purohit A, Kopferschmitt-Kubler MC, Moreau C, Popin E, Blaumeiser M, Pauli G. Quaternary ammonium compounds and occupational asthma. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2000;73(6):423–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Parliament C. Commission Regulation (EU) No 451/2010 of 25 May 2010 establishing the standard import values for determining the entry price of certain fruit and vegetables. 2010. Available from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu. edn
   Google Scholar
• Bello A, Quinn M, Perry M, Milton D. Quantitative assessment of airborne exposures generated during common cleaning tasks: a pilot study. Environ Health. 2010;9(1):76.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nazaroff WW, Weschler CJ. Cleaning products and air fresheners: exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants. Atmos Environ. 2004;38(18):2841–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer BC, Destaillats H, Hodgson AT, Nazaroff WW. Cleaning products and air fresheners: emissions and resulting concentrations of glycol ethers and terpenoids. Indoor Air. 2006;16(3):179–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capron A, Destree J, Jacobs P, Wallemacq P. Permeability of gloves to selected chemotherapeutic agents after treatment with alcohol or isopropyl alcohol. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2012;69(19):1665–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desy O, Carignan D, Caruso M, de Campos-Lima PO. Immunosuppressive effect of isopropanol: down-regulation of cytokine production results from the alteration of discrete transcriptional pathways in activated lymphocytes. J Immunol. 2008;181(4):2348–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carignan D, Desy O, de Campos-Lima PO. The dysregulation of the monocyte/macrophage effector function induced by isopropanol is mediated by the defective activation of distinct members of the AP-1 family of transcription factors. Toxicol Sci. 2012;125(1):144–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy CJ, Coombs DW, Lewis DJ, Klimisch HJ. Twenty-eight-day repeated-dose inhalation exposure of rats to diethylene glycol monoethyl ether. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997;38(2):143–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams J, Reel JR, George JD, Lamb JC. Reproductive effects of diethylene glycol and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether in Swiss CD-1 mice assessed by a continuous breeding protocol. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1990;14(3):622–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hobson DW, D'Addario AP, Bruner RH, Uddin DE. A subchronic dermal exposure study of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in the male guinea pig. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1986;6(2):339–48.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koontz M, Price P, Hamilton J, Daggett D, Sielken R, Bretzlaff R, . Modeling aggregate exposures to glycol ethers from use of commercial floor products. Int J Toxicol. 2006;25(2):95–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson V, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Klaassen CD, Marks JG Jr, Shank RC, . Final report on the safety assessment of PPG-2 methyl ether, PPG-3 methyl ether, and PPG-2 methyl ether acetate. Int J Toxicol. 2009;28(6 Suppl):162S–74S.
   Google Scholar
• Shih HC, Tsai SW, Kuo CH. Time-weighted average sampling of airborne propylene glycol ethers by a solid-phase microextraction device. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2012;9(7):427–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franova S, Joskova M, Sadlonova V, Pavelcikova D, Mesarosova L, Novakova E, . Experimental model of allergic asthma. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;756:49–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hautemaniere A, Ahmed-Lecheheb D, Cunat L, Hartemann P. Assessment of transpulmonary absorption of ethanol from alcohol-based hand rub. Am J Infect Control. 2013;41(3):e15–9.
   Google Scholar
• Hautemaniere A, Cunat L, Ahmed-Lecheheb D, Hajjard F, Gerardin F, Morele Y, . Assessment of exposure to ethanol vapors released during use of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs by healthcare workers. J Infect Public Health. 2013;6(1):16–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phalen RN, Wong WK. Chemical resistance of disposable nitrile gloves exposed to simulated movement. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2012;9(11):630–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi A, Kitade T, Jukurogi A, Hendricks W, Kaifuku Y, Shibayama K, . Determination method for mono- and diethanolamine in workplace air by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Occup Health. 2012;54(4):340–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerster FM, Hopf NB, Huynh CK, Plateel G, Charrière N, Vernez D. A simple gas chromatography method for the analysis of monoethanolamine in air. J Sep Sci. 2012;35(17):2249–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arias Irigoyen J, Garrido Borrero P. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from monoethanolamine in a metal worker. Allergol Immunopathol. 2011;39(3):187–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahmel J, Devlin K, Burns A, Ferracini T, Ground M, Paustenbach D. An analysis of workplace exposures to benzene over four decades at a petrochemical processing and manufacturing facility (1962–1999). J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2013;76(12):723–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawai T, Yamauchi T, Miyama Y, Sakurai H, Ukai H, Takada S, . Benzyl alcohol as a marker of occupational exposure to toluene. Ind Health. 2007;45(1):143–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [Indoor air guide values for benzyl alcohol]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2010;53(9):984–7.
   Google Scholar
• Schnuch A, Mildau G, Kratz EM, Uter W. Risk of sensitization to preservatives estimated on the basis of patch test data and exposure, according to a sample of 3541 leave-on products. Contact Dermatitis. 2011;65(3):167–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirdah MM, Al Laham NA, El Madhoun RA. Possible health effects of liquefied petroleum gas on workers at filling and distribution stations of Gaza governorates. East Mediterr Health J. 2013;19(3):289–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bessonneau V, Mosqueron L, Berrube A, Mukensturm G, Buffet-Bataillon S, Gangneux JP, . VOC contamination in hospital, from stationary sampling of a large panel of compounds, in view of healthcare workers and patients exposure assessment. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55535.
   Google Scholar
• Jezewska A, Szewczynska M. [Chemical hazards in the workplace environment of painting restorer]. Med Pr. 2012;63(5):547–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Formaldehyde, 2-butoxyethanol and 1-tert-butoxypropan-2-ol. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2006;88:1–478.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wong DC, Toy RJ, Dorn PB. A stream mesocosm study on the ecological effects of a C12-15 linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactant. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2004;58(2):173–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laitinen J, Pulkkinen J. Biomonitoring of 2-(2-alkoxyethoxy)ethanols by analysing urinary 2-(2-alkoxyethoxy)acetic acids. Toxicol Lett. 2005;156(1):117–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gijsbers JH, Tielemans E, Brouwer DH, van Hemmen JJ. Dermal exposure during filling, loading and brushing with products containing 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol. Ann Occup Hyg. 2004;48(3):219–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson WB, Keller PR, Foltz DJ, Harvey GJ. Diethylene glycol mono butyl ether concentrations in room air from application of cleaner formulations to hard surfaces. J Exposure Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1991;1(3):369–83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kruse JA. Methanol and ethylene glycol intoxication. Crit Care Clin. 2012;28(4):661–711.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saghir SA, Bartels MJ, Snellings WM. Dermal penetration of ethylene glycol through human skin in vitro. Int J Toxicol. 2010;29(3):268–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upadhyay S, Carstens J, Klein D, Faller TH, Halbach S, Kirchinger W, . Inhalation and epidermal exposure of volunteers to ethylene glycol: kinetics of absorption, urinary excretion, and metabolism to glycolate and oxalate. Toxicol Lett. 2008;178(2):131–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung PC, Cheng SF, Liou SH, Tsai SW. Biological monitoring of low-level 2-butoxyethanol exposure in decal transfer workers in bicycle manufacturing factories. Occup Environ Med. 2011;68(10):777–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boatman R, Corley R, Green T, Klaunig J, Udden M. Review of studies concerning the tumorigenicity of 2-butoxyethanol in B6C3F1 mice and its relevance for human risk assessment. J Toxicol Environ Health, Part B. 2004;7(5):385–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones K, Cocker J. A human exposure study to investigate biological monitoring methods for 2-butoxyethanol. Biomarkers. 2003;8(5):360–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warshaw EM, Raju SI, Fowler JF Jr, Maibach HI, Belsito DV, Zug KA, . Positive patch test reactions in older individuals: retrospective analysis from the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, 1994–2008. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;66(2):229–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saitoh M, Umemura T, Kawasaki Y, Momma J, Matsushima Y, Matsumoto M, . [Subchronic toxicity study of tributoxyethyl phosphate in Wistar rats]. Eisei Shikenjo Hokoku. 1994;112:27–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forester CD, Wells JR. Hydroxyl radical yields from reactions of terpene mixtures with ozone. Indoor Air. 2011;21(5):400–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ham JE, Wells JR. Surface chemistry of a pine-oil cleaner and other terpene mixtures with ozone on vinyl flooring tiles. Chemosphere. 2011;83(3):327–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollef MH. Chronic ammonium hydroxide exposure. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107(1):118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YW, Kim MJ, Chung BY, Bang du Y, Lim SK, Choi SM, . Safety evaluation and risk assessment of d-Limonene. J Toxicol Environ Health, Part B. 2013;16(1):17–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krol S, Namiesnik J, Zabiegala B. Alpha-Pinene, 3-carene and d-limonene in indoor air of Polish apartments: the impact on air quality and human exposure. Sci Total Environ. 2013;468–469C:985–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Api AM, Ritacco G, Hawkins DR. The fate of dermally applied [14C]d-limonene in rats and humans. Int J Toxicol. 2013;32(2):130–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagunski H, Mangelsdorf I. States' Departments of H and Federal Environmental Protection A. [Reference values for indoor air: dearomatized hydrocarbon solvents (C(9)-C(14))]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2005;48(7):803–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharma N, Singh D, Sobti A, Agarwal P, Velpandian T, Titiyal JS, . Course and outcome of accidental sodium hydroxide ocular injury. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;154(4):740–9.e2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballantyne B, Myers RC, Losco PE. The acute toxicity and primary irritancy of 1-propoxy-2-propanol. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1988;30(2):126–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilpin S, Hui X, Maibach H. In vitro human skin penetration of geraniol and citronellol. Dermatitis. 2010;21(1):41–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juarez A, Goiriz R, Sanchez-Perez J, Garcia-Diez A. Disseminated allergic contact dermatitis after exposure to a topical medication containing geraniol. Dermatitis. 2008;19(3):163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagvall L, Backtorp C, Svensson S, Nyman G, Borje A, Karlberg AT. Fragrance compound geraniol forms contact allergens on air exposure. Identification and quantification of oxidation products and effect on skin sensitization. Chem Res Toxicol. 2007;20(5):807–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahlsen K, Eide I, Nilsen AM, Nilsen OG. Inhalation kinetics of C8 to C10 1-alkenes and iso-alkanes in the rat after repeated exposures. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1993;73(3):163–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Toxicology Program. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of coconut oil acid diethanolamine condensate (CAS No. 68603-42-9) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (dermal studies). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 2001;479:5–226.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rossbach B, Kegel P, Letzel S. Application of headspace solid phase dynamic extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPDE-GC/MS) for biomonitoring of n-heptane and its metabolites in blood. Toxicol Lett. 2012;210(2):232–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahima J, Cert A, Menendez-Gallego M. Identification of volatile metabolites of inhaled n-heptane in rat urine. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984;76(3):473–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gharsallah H, Lamine K, Hajjaj Z, Nasri M, Ferjani M. [Exposure to butane gas and hyperbaric oxygenation therapy]. Tunis Med. 2010;88(1):63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brared Christensson J, Andersen KE, Bruze M, Johansen JD, Garcia-Bravo B, Gimenez Arnau A, . Air-oxidized linalool: a frequent cause of fragrance contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis. 2012;67(5):247–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensson JB, Matura M, Gruvberger B, Bruze M, Karlberg AT. Linalool–a significant contact sensitizer after air exposure. Contact Dermatitis. 2010;62(1):32–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar