Consequences of household air pollution on child survival: evidence from demographic and health surveys in 47 countries

References

• Fullerton DG, Bruce N, Gordon SB. Indoor air pollution from biomass fuel smoke is a major health concern in the developing world. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008;102(9):843–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce N, Perez-Padilla R, Albalak R. Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(9):1078–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonjour S, Adair-Rohani H, Wolf J, Bruce NG, Mehta S, Pruss-Ustun A, et al. Solid fuel use for household cooking: country and regional estimates for 1980-2010. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(7):784–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behera D, Dash S, Malik SK. Blood carboxyhaemoglobin levels following acute exposure to smoke of biomass fuel. Indian J Med Res. 1988;88:522–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce N, McCracken J, Albalak R, Schei MA, Smith KR, Lopez Vet al., Impact of improved stoves, house construction and child location on levels of indoor air pollution exposure in young Guatemalan children. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2004;14:S26–S33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang J, Smith KR, Uma R, Ma Y, Kishore VVN, Lata Ket al., Carbon monoxide from cookstoves in developing countries: 1.Emission factors. Chemosphere Global Change Sci. 1999;1(1–3):353–66.
   Google Scholar
• Bostrom CE, Gerde P, Hanberg A, Jernstrom B, Johansson C, Kyrklund Tet al., Cancer risk assessment, indicators, and guidelines for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air. Environ Health Perspect. 2002;110(Suppl 3):451–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longo LD. The biological effects of carbon monoxide on the pregnant woman, fetus, and newborn infant. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1977;129(1):69–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perera FP, Whyatt RM, Jedrychowski W, Rauh V, Manchester D, Santella RMet al., Recent developments in molecular epidemiology: a study of the effects of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on birth outcomes in Poland. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147(3):309–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith KR, McCracken JP, Weber MW, Hubbard A, Jenny A, Thompson LM,et al. Effect of reduction in household air pollution on childhood pneumonia in Guatemala (RESPIRE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;378(9804):1717–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misra P, Srivastava R, Krishnan A, Sreenivaas V, Pandav CS. Indoor air pollution-related acute lower respiratory infections and low birthweight: a systematic review. J Trop Pediatr. 2012;58(6):457–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith KR. Indoor air pollution in developing countries and acute lower respiratory infections in children. Thorax. 2000;55(6):518–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dherani M, Pope D, Mascarenhas M, Smith KR, Weber M, Bruce N. Indoor air pollution from unprocessed solid fuel use and pneumonia risk in children aged under five years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86(5):390C–8C.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson AW, Osinusi K, Aderele WI, Gbadero DA, Olaleye OD, Adeyemi-Doro FA. Etiologic agents and outcome determinants of community-acquired pneumonia in urban children: a hospital-based study. J Natl Med Assoc. 2008;100(4):370–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardlaw T, You D, Hug L, Amouzou A, Newby H. UNICEF report: enormous progress in child survival but greater focus on newborns urgently needed. Reprod Health. 2014;11(1):82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lozano R, Wang H, Foreman KJ, Rajaratnam JK, Naghavi M, Marcus JR,et al. Progress towards millennium development goals 4 and 5 on maternal and child mortality: an updated systematic analysis. Lancet. 2011;378(9797):1139–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H,et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2013;380(9859):2224–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin WJ. Household air pollution in low- and middle-income countries: health risks and research priorities. PLoS Med. 2013;10(6):e1001455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce NG, Dherani MK, Das JK, Balakrishnan K, Adair-Rohani H, Bhutta ZA,et al. Balakrishnan K, Adair-Rohani H, Bhutta ZA,et al. Control of household air pollution for child survival: estimates for intervention impacts. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(Suppl 3):S8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey S, Lin Y. Adjusted effects of domestic violence, tobacco use, and indoor air pollution from use of solid fuel on child mortality. Matern Child Health J. 2013;17(8):1499–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein MB, Bates MN, Arora NK, Balakrishnan K, Jack DW, Smith KR. Household fuels, low birth weight, and neonatal death in India: the separate impacts of biomass, kerosene, and coal. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2013;216(5):523–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam NL, Smith KR, Gauthier A, Bates MN. Kerosene: a review of household uses and their hazards in low- and middle-income countries. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2012;15(6):396–432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanderWeele TJ, Mumford SL, Schisterman EF. Conditioning on intermediates in perinatal epidemiology. Epidemiology. 2012;23:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcox AJ, Weinberg CR, Basso O. On the pitfalls of adjusting for gestational age at birth. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174:1062–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez-Diaz S, Schisterman EF, Hernan MA. The birth weight “paradox” uncovered? Am J Epidemiol. 2006;164:1115–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark ML, Peel JL, Balakrishnan K, Breysse PN, Chillrud SN, Naeher LP,et al. Health and household air pollution from solid fuel use: the need for improved exposure assessment. Environ Health Perspect. 2013;121(10):1120–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazembe L, Clarke A, Kandala NB. Childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional insight into small-scale geographical inequalities from census data. BMJ Open. 2012;2(5):e001421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jehan I, Harris H, Salat S, Zeb A, Mobeen N, Pasha O,et al. Neonatal mortality, risk factors and causes: a prospective population-based cohort study in urban Pakistan. Bull World Health Organ. 2009;87(2):130–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh R, Tripathi V. Maternal factors contributing to under-five mortality at birth order 1 to 5 in India: a comprehensive multivariate study. Singerplus. 2013;2:284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S, Perin J, Scott S, Lawn JE,et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet. 2012;379(9832):2151–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nel AE, Diaz-Sanches D, Li N. The role of particulate pollutants in pulmonary inflammation and asthma: evidence for the involvement of organic chemicals and oxidative stress. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2001;7(1):20–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engel SA, Erichsen HC, Savitz DA, Thorp J, Chanock SJ, Olshan AF. Risk of spontaneous preterm birth is associated with common proinflammatory cytokine polymorphisms. Epidemiology. 2005;16(4):469–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Liddell CA, Coates MM, Mooney MD, Levitz CE, Schumacher AE. Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9947):957–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwale MW. National Statistics Office [Malawi], ORC Macro. Infant and child mortality. National Statistics Office [Malawi], ORC Macro, eds. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2004:123–132.
   Google Scholar
• National Statistical Office (NSO) [Malawi], and ORC Macro. 2005. Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2004. Calverton, Maryland: NSO and ORC Macro.
   Google Scholar
• Hobcraft JN, McDonald JW, Rutstein SO. Socio-economic factors in infant and child mortality: a cross-national comparison. Popul Stud (Camb). 1984;38:193–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar