REFERENCES
- Halstrom C. Coping with anxiety: the patient�s predicament. In: Wheatley D, ed. The anxiolytic jungle: where next?, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1990: 99–111.
- Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF. Pharmacologic treatment. In: Lichstein KL, Morin CM, eds. Treatment of late-life insomnia, Thousand Oaks-London-New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2000: 231–67.
- Leipzig RM, Cumming RG, Tinetti ME. Drugs and falls in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis: I. Psychotropic drugs. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47:30–9.
- Juergens SM. Problems with benzodiazepines in elderly patients. Mayo Clin Proc 1993; 68: 818–20.
- Glass J, Lanctôt KL, Herrmann N, Sproule BA, Busto UE. Sedative hypnotics in older people with insomnia: meta-analysis or risks and benefits. BMJ 2005; 331: 1169-; originally published online 11 Nov 2005.
- Pélissolo A, Notides C, Lépine JP, Bisserbe JC. Anxiolytic and hypnotic use by general hospital in-patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1999 ; 21: 79–86.
- Edwards C, Bushnell JL, Ashton CH, Rawlings MD. Hospital prescribing and usage of hypnotics and anxiolytics. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 31: 190–2.
- Wancata J, Benda N, Lesch O, Muller C. Use of anxiolytics in gynaecological, surgical and medical departments of general hospitals. Pharmacopsychiatry 1998; 31: 178–86.
- Zisselman M, Rovner B, Yuen E. Sedative-hypnotic use and increased hospital stay and costs in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 44: 1371–4.
- Monane M. Insomnia in the elderly. J Clin Psychiatry 1992; 53 (Suppl 6): 23–8.
- Morin CM, Baillargeon, Bastien C. Discontinuation of sleep medications. In: Lichstein KL, Morin CM, eds. Treatment of late-life insomnia, Thousand Oaks-London-New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2000: 271–96.
- Higgitt A, Lader MH, Fonagy P. Clinical management of benzodiazepine dependence. Brit Med J 1985; 291: 688–90.
- Ashton H. Benzodiazepine withdrawal: outcome in 50 patients. Br J Addiction 1987; 82: 665–71.
- Salzman C, Fisher J, Nobel K, Glassman R, Wolfson A, Kelley M. Cognitive improvement following benzodiazepine discontinuation in elderly nursing home residents. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1992; 7: 89–93.
- Schweizer E, Case WG, Rickels K. Benzodiazepine dependence and withdrawal in elderly patients. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146: 529–31.
- Ancoli-Israel S. Sleep problems in older adults: putting myths to bed. Geriatrics 1997; 52: 20–30.
- Shorr RI, Robin DW. Rational use of benzodiazepines in the elderly. Drugs Aging 1994; 4: 9–20.
- Petrovic M, Pevernagie D, Mariman A, Van Maele G, Afschrift M. Fast withdrawal from benzodiazepines in geriatric in-patients: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 57: 759–64.
- Petrovic M, Pevernagie D, Van Den Noortgate N, Mariman A, Michielsen W, Afschrift M. A programme for short-term withdrawal from benzodiazepines in geriatric hospital inpatients: success rate and effect on sleep quality. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1999; 14: 754–60.
- Svarstad BL, Mount JK. Chronic benzodiazepine use in nursing homes: effects of federal guidelines, resident mix, and nurse staffing. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001; 49: 1673–8.
- Tobias D, Sey M. General and psychotherapeutic medication use in 328 nursing facilities: a year 2000 national survey. Consult Pharm 2000; 16: 54–64.
- Yee D, Tobias D. General and psychotherapeutic medication use in Canadian long-term care facilities. Am Soc Consult Pharm 2000; 15: 1025–31.
- Hughes C, Lapane K, Mor V, Ikegami N, Jonsson P, Ljunggren G, Sgadari A. The impact of legislation on psychotropic drug use in nursing homes: a cross-national perspective. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48: 931–7.
- Buck J. Psychotropic drug practice in nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36: 409–18.
- Learman LA, Avron J, Everitt DE, Rosenthal R. Pygmalion in the nursing home: the effects of caregiver expectations on patient outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990; 38: 797–803.
- Halfens R, Lendfers M, Cox K. Sleep medication in Dutch hospitals. J Adv Nurs 1991; 16: 1422–7.
- Magni G, Schifano F, De Leo D, De Dominicis G, Renesto V, Vianello S. Evaluation of use patterns of psychotropic drugs in an Italian general hospital. Neuropsychobiology 1985; 13: 38–43.
- Villani P, Morciano C, Ambrosi P, Brondino-Riquier R, Betrault-Peres P, Penot-Ragon C, Bouvenot G. Prescription et consommation des médicaments hypnotiques et anxiolytiques dans les services de médicine des hôpitaux sud du CHU de Marseille. Thérapie 2001; 56: 11–4.
- Picone DA, D� Mello DA, Foote ML, Msibi B. A review of the utilization of sedative-hypnotic drugs in a general hospital. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1993; 15: 51–4.
- Woods JH, Katz JL, Winger G. Benzodiazepines: use, abuse, and consequences. Pharmacol Rev 1992; 44: 150–347.
- Ancoli-Israel S, Cooke JR., Prevalence and comorbidity of imsomnia and effect on functioning in elderly populations. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53: S264–71.
- Ashton H. Guidelines for rational use of benzodiazepines. When and what to use. Drugs 1994; 48: 25–40.
- Morin CM, Colecchi C, Stone J, Sood R, Brink D. Behavioural and pharmacological therapies for late life insomnia: a randomised controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 281: 991–9.
- Krystal AD. The effect of insomnia definitions, terminology, and classification on clinical practice. J Am Griatr Soc 2005; 53: S258–63.
- Morin C, Culbert J, Schwartz S. Non-pharmacological interventions for insomnia: a meta-analysis of treatment efficacy. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1172–80.
- Morgan K. Psychological Treatment in the management of chronic insomnia in primary care: clinical and cost effectiveness. Gerontology 2001; 47 (Suppl 1): 20 (abstract).
- Monane M, Glynn RJ, Avron J. The impact of sedative-hypnotic use on sleep symptoms in elderly nursing home residents. Clin Pharmacol ther 1996; 59: 83–92.
- Hirst A, Sloan R. Benzodiazepines and related drugs for insomnia in palliative care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002; 4: CD003346.
- Edinger JD, Wohlgemuth WK, Radtke RA, Marsh GR, Qullian RE. Cognitive behavioural therapy for treatment of chronic primary insomnia: a randomised controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 285: 1856–64.