MEDITERRANEAN SPOTTED FEVER, A DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE IN TRAVELLERS

REFERENCES

• CoLomba C, Saporito L, PoFara VF, Rubino R, Titone L. Mediter-ranean spotted fever: cLinicaL and Laboratory characteristics of 415 Sicilian chiLdren.BMCInfectDis 2006; 6: 60.
   Google Scholar
• Ant6n E, Font B, Murioz T, SanfeLiu I, Segura F. CLinicaL and Laboratory characteristics of 144 patients with Mediterranean spotted fever. EurJ Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 22: 126–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RaouLt D, Weilier PJ, Chagnon A, Chaudet H, GaRais H, Casanova P. Mediterranean spotted fever: cLinicaL, Laboratory and epide-mioLogicaL features of 199 cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1986; 35: 845–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mogens J, Fournier PE, RaouLt D. Rickettsioses and the interna-tionaL traveLer. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 1493–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Y, Fournier PE, Eremeeva M, RaouLt D. ProposaL to create subspecies of Rickettsia conorii based on muLti-Locus sequence typing and an emended description of Rickettsia conorii. BMC Microbiol 2005; 5: 11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jado I, Oteo JA, ALdámiz M, etal. Rickettsia monacensis and hu-man disease, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13: 1405–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VLaamse overheid, AfdeLing Toezicht VoLksgezondheid. Reg-istraties infectieziekten VLaanderen 2007. http://www.zorg-en-gezondheid.be/upLoadedFiLes/InfectieziektebuLLe-tin/2008/63_2008_1/infectieziektenvLaanderenokt-dec2007.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• VLaamse overheid, AfdeLing Toezicht VoLksgezondheid. Reg-istraties infectieziekten VLaanderen 2006. http://www.zorg-en-gezondheid.be/upLoadedFiLes/InfectieziektebuLLe-tin/2007/59_2007_1/registratie-tovo-okt-dec2006.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lambert M, Dugernier T, Bigaignon G, Rahier J, Piot P. Mediter-ranean spotted fever in BeLgium. Lancet 1984; 8410: 1038.
   Google Scholar
• Cascio A, Dones P, Romano A, Titone L. CLinicaL and Laboratory findings of boutonneuse fever in Sicilian chiLdren. EurJ Pediatr 1998; 157: 482–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elghetany MT, WaLker DH. Hemostatic changes in Rocky Moun-tain spotted fever and Mediterranean spotted fever. Am] Clin Pathol 1999; 112:159–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landau Z, FeLd S, Kunichezky S, Grinspan M, Gorbacz M.Throm-bosis of the mesenteric vein as a complication of Mediterra-nean spotted fever. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15: 1070–1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BoteLho-Nevers E, FoucauLt C, Lepidi H, Brouqui P. CerebraL in-farction: an unusuaL complication of Mediterranean spotted fever. EurJ Intern Med 2005; 16: 525–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rovery C, Brouqui P, RaouLt D. Questions on Mediterranean spotted fever a century after its discovery. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14: 1360–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raoult D, Fournier PE, Fenaar F, et al Rickettsia africae, a tick-borne pathogen in traveLers to sub-Saharan Africa. N EngIJ Med. 2001; 344:1504–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khairallah M, Yahia SB, JeLLiti B et al Diagnostic vaLue of ocuLar examination in Mediterranean spotted fever. Clin Microbiol In-fect 2009 Mar 13. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins DR, Rees JC, Paitt C, Cant A, Craft AW. Mediterranean spotted fever mimicking Kawasaki disease. BMJ 1997; 314: 655–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pons Camps R, Serra RenobaLes E, Cerclà Perarnau J, Puig PujoE FX. Mediterranean boutonneuse fever: retrospective study of 44 cases in the Bages region (BarceLona). Enferm lnfecc Micro-biol Clin 1989; 7: 370–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cunha BA.The diagnostic significance of reLative bradycardia in infectious disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 2000; 6:633–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miras-Parra FJ, Gomez-Jiménez FJ, SaLvatierra-Ossorio D, Can-tero-Hinojosa J, de La Higuera Torres-PuchoL J. Pericarditis and Mediterranean spotted fever. Infection 1998; 26:61–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raoult D, Dasch GA. ImmunobLot cross-reactions among Rick-ettsia, Proteus spp. and Legionelia spp. in patients with Medi-terranean spotted fever. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 1995; 11: 13–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouqui P, ParoLa P, Fournier PE, RaouLt D. Spotted fever rick-ettsioses in southern and eastern Europe. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2007; 49: 2–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raoult D, Roux V. Rickettsioses as paradigms of new or emerg-ing infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997; 10: 694–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letaief A, Souissi J, TrabeLsi H, Ghannem H, Jemni L. EvaLuation of cLinicaL diagnosis scores for Boutonneuse fever. Ann NY Acad Sci 2003; 990: 327–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouqui P, Baceliar F, Baranton G, etal. Guidelines for the diag-nosis of tick-borne bacteriaL diseases in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10: 1108–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Sousa R, Nobrega SD, Baceliar F, TorgaL J. Mediterranean spotted fever in PortugaL: risk factors for fataE outcome in 105 hospitalized patients. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003;990:285–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RaouLt D, ZucheLLi P, Weilier PJ, etal. Incidence, cLinicaL observa-tions and risk factors in the severe form of Mediterranean spot-ted fever among patients admitted to hospitaL in MarseiRes 1983-1984.] Infect. 1986; 12:111–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sousa R, França A, Dória Nôbrega S, etal. Host- and microbe-reLated risk factors for and pathophysioLogy of fataE Rickettsia conorii infection in Portuguese patients. J /nfect Dis 2008; 198:576–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar