References
- Alzheimer, A. (1907). Über eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hinuinde. Allgemeine Zeitschrift far Psychiatric und Psychisch-Gerichtliche Medizin, 64, 146–148.
- Berg, J. M., Karlinsky, H. and Holland, A. J. (1993). Alzheimer disease, Down syndrome, and their relationship. New York. USA: Oxford University Press.
- Bertrand, I. and Koffas, D. (1946). Cas d'idiotie mongolienne adulte avec nombreuses plaques seniles et concretions calcaires pallidales. Revue Neurologique, 78, 338–345.
- Blumbergs, P., Beran, R. and Hicks, P. (1981). Myoclonus in Down's syndrome. Association with Alzheimer's disease. Archives of Neurology, 38,453–454.
- Burt, D. B., Loveland, K. A. and Lewis, K. R. (1992). Depression and the onset of dementia in adults with mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 96, 502–511.
- Burt, D. B., Loveland, K. A., Chen, Y-W., Chuang, A., Lewis, K. R. and Cherry, L (1995). Aging in adults with Down syndrome: Report from a longitudinal study. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 100,262–270.
- Cooper, J. K., Mungas, D., Verma, M. and Weiler, P. G. (1991). Psychotic symptoms in Alz-heimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 6,721–726.
- Crapper, P. R., Dalton, A. J., Skopitz, Scott, J. W. and Hachinski, V. C. (1975). Alzheimer degeneration in Down Syndrome. Archives of Neurology, 32, 618–623.
- Cummings, J. L., Miller, B., Hill, M. A. and Neshkes, R. (1987). Neuropsychiatric aspects of multi-infarct dementia and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Archives of Neurology, 44, 389–393,
- Dalton, A. J. and Crapper McLachlan, B. R. (1986). Clinical exprc.ssion of Altheimer's disease in Down's syndrome. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 9,659–670.
- Dalton, A. J. and Wisniewski, H. M. (1990). Down's syndrome and the dementia of Alzheimer's disease. International Review of Psychiatry, 2, 43–52.
- Devermy, D. A., Hill, A. L., Patxot, O., Silverman, W. P. and Wisniewski, K. E. (1992). Ageing in higher functioning adults with Down's syndrome: an interim report in a longitudinal study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 36, 241–250.
- Ellis, W. G., McCulloch, J. R. and Corley, C. L. (1974). Presenile dementia in Down's Syndrome; ultrastructural identity with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 24, 101–106.
- Evenhuis, H. M. (1990). The natural history of dementia in Down's Syndrome. Archives of Neurology, 47, 263–267.
- Flynn, F. G., Cummings, J. L. and Gornbein, J. (1991). Delusions in dementia syndromes: Investigation of behavioral and neuro-psychological correlates. Journal of Neuro-psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 3, 364–370.
- Fratiglioni, L., Grut, M., Forsell, Y., Viitanen, M., Grafstrom, M., Holmen, K., Ericsson, K., Backman, L., Ahlbom, A. and Winblad, B. (1991). Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in an elderly urban population: relationship with age, sex, and education. Neurology, 41, 1886–1892.
- Goate, A. M., Haynes, A. R., Owen, M. J., Farrall, M., James, L. A., Lai, L. Y. C., Milian, M. J., Rogues, P., Rossor, M. N., Williamson, R. and Hardy, J. A. (1989). Predisposing locus for Alzheimer's disease on chromosome 21, Lancet, i,352–355.
- Haberland, C. (1969). Alzheimer's disease in Down's syndrome. Clinical-neuropathological observations. Acta Neurologica Belgica, 69, 369–380.
- Jervis, G. A. (1948). Early senile dementia mongoloid idiocy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 105, 102–106.
- Lai, F. and Williams, R. S. (1989). A prospective study of Alzheimer Disease in Down Syndrome. Archives of Neurology, 46, 849–853.
- Mann, D. M. A. (1988). The pathological association between Down Syndrome and Alzheimer disease. Mechanisms of Aging and Development, 43, 99–136.
- Mendez, M. F., Martin, R. J., Smyht, K. A. and Whitehouse, P. J. (1990). Psychiatric symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clincial Neurosciences, 2, 28–33.
- Mortimer, J. A. (1994). What are the risk factors for dementia? In: Huppert, F. A.., Brayne, C. and O'Connor, D. W. (Eds.) Dementia and normal aging. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 208–229.
- Murphy, G. M. and Ellis, W. G. (1991). The amygdala in Down's syndrome and familial Alzheimer's disease: four clinicopathologkal case reports. Biological Psychiatry, 30,92–106.
- Olson, M. I. and Shaw, C. (1969). Presenile dementia and Alzheimer's disease in mongolism. Brain, 92,147–156.
- Pogacar, S. and Rubio, A. (1982). Morphological features of Pick's and atypical Alzheimer's disease on Down's syndrome. Ada Neuropathologica (Berl), 58, 249–254.
- Prasher, V. P. and Krishnan, V. H. R. (1993). Age of onset and duration of dementia in people with Down syndrome. A study of 98 reported cases. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 8, 915–922.
- Prasher, V. P. and Corbett, J. A. (1993). Onset of seizures as a poor indicator of longevity in people with Down syndrome and dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 8,923–927.
- Prasher, V. P., Krishnan, V. H. R., Clarke, D. J. and Corbett, J. A. (1994). The Assessment of Dementia in people with Down syndrome: Changes in adaptive behaviour. The British Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 40, 120–130.
- Prasher, V. P. and Filer, A. (1995). Behavioural disturbance in people with Down syndrome and dementia. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 39, 432–436.
- Prasher, V. P. (1995). Age-specific prevalence, thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptom-atology in adults with Down syndrome and dementia International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10, 25–31.
- Prasher, V. P. and Chung, M-C. (1996). Causes of age-related decline in adaptive behaviour in adults with Down syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 101, 175–183.
- Rae-Grant, A. D., Barbour, P. J., Sirotta, P. and Gross, P. (1991). Alzheimer's disease in Down's syndrome with SPECT. Clinical Nuclear Medicine, 16,509–510.
- Reid, A. H. and Maloney, A. F. J. (1974). Giant cell arteritis and arteriolitis associated with amyloid angiopathy in an elderly mongol. Acta neuropathologica, 27, 131–137.
- Reid, A. H., Maloney, A. F. J. and Aungle, P. G. (1978). Dementia in ageing mental defectives: A clinical and neuropathological study. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 22,233–241.
- Ropper, A. H. and Williams, R. S. (1980). Relationship between plagues, tangles and dementia in Down's Syndrome. Neurology, 30, 639–644.
- Schochet, S. S., Lampert, P. W. and McCormick, W. F. (1973). Neurofibrillary tangles in patients with Down's syndrome: a light and electron microscopy study. Acta Neuropathologica (Berl), 23, 342–346.
- Solitaire, G. B. and Lamarche, J. B. (1966). Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia as seen in mongoloids: Neuropathological observations. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 70,840–848.
- Stern, Y., Gurland, B., Tatermichi, T. K., Tang, M. X., Wilder, D. and Mayeux, R. (1994). Influence of Education and Occupation on the Incidence of Alzheimer's disease. JAMA, 271, 1004–1010.
- Sulkava, R., Wikstrom, J., Aromaa, A., Raitasalo, R., Lehtinen, V., Lahtela, K. and Palo, J. (1985). Prevalence of severe dementia in Finland. Neurology, 35, 1025–1029.
- Verhaart, W. J. C. and Jelgersma, H. C. (1952). Early senile dementia in mongolian idiocy. Description of a case. Folia Psychiatrica Neerlandica, 55,453–459.
- Wisniewski, K. E., Dalton, A. J., Crapper-McLachlan, D. R., Wen G. Y. and Wisniewski, H. M. (1985). Alzheimer's disease in Down's Syndrome: clinicopathological studies. Neurology, 35, 957–961.
- World Health Organisation (1992). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: WHO.
- Yates, C. M., Simpson, J., Gordon, A., Maloney, A. F. J., Allison, Y., Ritchie, I. M. and Urquhart, A. (1983). Catediulainines and cholineigic enzymes in presenile and senile Alzheimer-type dementia and Down's syndrome. Brain Research, 280, 119–126.
- Zhang, M., Katzman, R., Jin, H., Cai, G., Wang, Z., Qu, G., Grant, I., Yu, E. and Levy, P. (1990). The prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Shanghai, China: impact of age, gender and education. Annals of Neurology, 27,428–437.