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British Journal of Orthodontics Volume 21, 1994 - Issue 4
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Original Articles

A Comparison of the Forces Required to Produce Tooth Movement ex vivo Through Three Types of Pre-adjusted Brackets When Subjected to Determined Tip or Torque Values

A. P. T. SimsDepartment of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Royal Naval Hospital, Haslar, Gosport, HampshirePO12 2AA, U.K.
, M.Sc., F.D.S.R.C.S. Ed., F.D.S., M.Orth. R.C.S.Eng.,
N. E. WatersDepartment of Dental Materials Science, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, LondonSE1 9RT, U.K.
, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.Inst. P. &
D. J. BirnieDepartment of Orthodontics, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Cosham, Portsmouth, HampshirePO6 3LY, U.K.
, F.D.S.R.C.S.Ed., F.D.S., M.Orth.R.C.S.Eng.
Pages 367-373 | Accepted 01 Oct 1993, Published online: 21 Jun 2016

References

  • Andreasen, G. F. and Quevedo, F. R. (1970) Evaluation of frictional forces in the 0·022” × 0·028” edge-wise bracket in vitro, Journal of Biomechanics, 3, 151–160.
  • Berger, J. L. (1990) The influence of the SPEED bracket's self-ligating design on force levels in tooth movement: A comparative in vitro study, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 97, 219–228.
  • Birnie, D. J. and Orton, H. S. (1979) The production of pretorqued arch blanks using an 0·018-inch Loper Turret, British Journal of Orthodontics, 6, 153–156.
  • Buck, T. E., Scott, J. E. und Morrison, W. E. (1963) A study of the distribution of force in cuspid retraction utilising a coil spring, Thesis, University of Texas.
  • Davis, H. D. (1987) Torquing in Class: An interesting twist for orthodontists, British Journal of Orthodontics, 14, 199–202.
  • Drescher, D., Bourauel, C. and Schumacher, H. A. (1989) Frictional forces between bracket and archwire, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 96, 397–404.
  • Ireland, A. J., Sherriff, M. and McDonald, F. (1991) Effect of bracket and wire composition on frictional forces, European Journal of Orthodontics, 13, 322–328.
  • Kamiyama, T. and Sasaki, T. (1973) Friction and width of brackets, Journal of the Japanese Orthodontic Society, 32, 286–289.
  • Nicholls, J. (1968) Frictional forces in fixed orthodontic appliances, Dental Practitioner, 18, 326–346.
  • Sims, A. P. T., Waters, N. E., Birnie, D. J. and Pethybridge, R. (1993) A comparison of the forces required to produce tooth movement in vitro using two self ligating brackets and a pre-adjusted bracket employing two types of ligation, European Journal of Orthodontics, 15, 377–385
  • Tidy, D. C. (1989) Frictional forces in fixed appliances American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 96, 249–254.

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