Silver Labeling of Alzheimer Neurofibrillary Changes and Brain β-Amyloid

References

• Braak H, Braak E, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K: Occurrence of neuropil threads in the senile human brain and in Alzheimer’s disease: A third location of paired helical filaments outside of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques. Neurosci Lett 65:351–355, 1986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braak H, Braak E: Neuropathological staging of Alzheimerrelated changes. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 82:239–259, 1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tornlinson BE, Blessed G, Roth M: Observations on the brains of demented old people. J Neurol Sci 11 :205–242, 1970
   Google Scholar
• Dickson DW, Farlo J, Davies P et al: Alzheimer’s disease. A double-labeling irnrnunohistochemical study of senile plaques. Arn J Pathol 132:86–101, 1988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barcikowska M, Wisniewski HM, Bancher C, Grundke-Iqbal I: About the presence of paired helical filaments in dystrophic neurites participating in the plaque formation. Acta Neuropatho 178: 225–231, 1989
   Google Scholar
• Kidd M: Paired helical filaments in electron microscopy of Alzheimer’s disease. Nature 197: 192–193, 1963
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wisniewski HM, Merz PA, Iqbal K: Ultrastructure of paired helical filaments of Alzheimer’s neurofibrillary tangle. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 43:643–656, 1984
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Quinlan M et al: Microtubule associated protein tau: a component of Alzheimer paired helical filaments. J Biol Chem 261 :6084–6089, 1986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee VMY, Balin BJ, Otvos L Jr, Trojanowski JQ: A68: Amajor subunit of paired helical filaments and derivatized forms of normal tau. Science 251:675–678, 1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Tung YC et al: Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule associated protein (tau) in Alzheimer’s cytoskeletalpathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:4913–4917, 1986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Smith AJ et al: Identification and localization of a tau peptide to paired helical filaments of Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:5646–5650, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brion JP, Hanger DP, Bruce MT et al: Tau in Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles. Biochem J 273: 127–133, 1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glenner GG, Wong CW: Alzheimer’s disease: Initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 120:855–890, 1984
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masters CL, Multhaup G, Sims G et al: Neuronal origin of a cerebral amyloid: neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer’s disease contain the same protein as the amyloid of plaque cores and blood vessels. EMBO J 4:2757–2763, 1985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang J, Lemaire HG, Unterbeck A et al: The precursor of Alzheimer’s disease amyloid A4 protein resembles a cell-surface receptor. Nature 325:733–736, 1987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robakis NK, Ramakrishna N, Wolfe G, Wisniewski HM: Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the cerebrovascular and the neuritic plaque amyloid peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:4190–4194, 1987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldgaber D, Lerman MI, McBride OW etal: Characterization and chromosomal localization of a cDNA encoding brain amyloid of Alzheimer’s disease. Science 235:877–880, 1987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallyas F: Silver staining of Alzheimer’s neurofibrillary changes by means of physical development. Acta Molph Acad Sci Hung 19:1–8, 1971
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Braak H, Braak E, Ohm T, Bohl J: Silver impregnation of Alzheimer’s neurofibrilllary changes counterstained for basophilic material and lipofuscin pigment. Stain Technol 63: 197–200, 1988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iqbal K, Braak E, Braak H et al: A silver impregnation method for labeling both Alzheimer paired helical filaments and their polypeptides separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Neurobiol Aging 12:357–361, 1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundke-Iqbal I, Vorbrodt AW, Iqbal K et al: Microtubuleassociated polypeptides tau are altered in Alzheimer paired helical filaments. Mol Brain Res 4:43–52, 1988
   Google Scholar
• Braak H, Braak E: Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: Amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuropil threads in the cerebral cortex. J Neural Transm (P-D Sect) 2:45–57, 1990
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braak H, Braak E: Neurofibrillary changes confined to the entorhinal region and an abundance of cortical amyloid in cases of presenile and senile dementia. Acta Neuropathol 80:479–486, 1990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braak H, Braak E: Demonstration of amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary changes in whole brain sections. Brain Pathol 1:213–216, 1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braak H, Braak E: Cortical and subcortical argyrophilic grains characterize a disease associated with adult onset dementia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 15: 13–26, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braak H, Braak E, Kalus P: Alzheimer’s disease: Areal and laminar pathology in the occipital isocortex. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 77:494–506, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braak H, Braak E: Alzheimer’s disease: striatal amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary changes. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 49: 215–224, 1990
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell SK, Switzer RC, Martin TL: Alzheimer’s plaques and tangles: A controlled and enhanced silver staining method. Soc Neurosci Abstr 13:678, 1987
   Google Scholar
• Braak H, Braak E, Ohm T, Bohl J: Alzheimer’s disease: Mismatch between amyloid plaques and neuritic plaques. Neurosci Lett 103:24–28, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braak H, Braak E, Bohl J, Lang W: Alzheimer’s disease: Amyloid plaques in the cerebellum. J Neurol Sci 93:277–287, 1989
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallyas F: Light insensitive physical developers. Stain Technol 54: 173–176, 1979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallyas F: Chemical nature of the first products (nuclei) of the argyrophil staining. Acta Histochem 67: 145–158, 1980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallyas F: Suppression of argyrophil III reaction by mercapto compounds. A prerequisite for intensification of histochemical reaction products by physical developers. Acta Histochem 70:99–105, 1982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallyas F, Wolff JR: Metal-catalyzed oxidation renders silver intensification selective. Applications for the histochemistry of diaminobenzidine and neurofibrillary changes. J Histochern Cytochem 34: 1667–1672, 1986
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smithson KG, MacVicar BA, Hatton GI: Polyethylene glycol embedding: a technique compatible with immunocytochemistry, enzyme histochemistry, histofluorescence and intracellular staining. J Neurosci Methods 7:27–41, 1983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar