References
- Vogel H, Zamecnik J: Diagnostic immunohistology of muscle diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 64:181–193, 2005
- The Nervous System in Carleton's Histological Technique, Fifth Edition. Revised and rewritten by RAB Drury and EA Wallington. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1980, pp 191–193.
- Scarborough MT: The biopsy. Ins& Course Lect 53:639–644, 2004
- Magistris MR, Kohler A, Pizzolato G, Morris MA, Baroffio A, Bernheim L: Needle muscle biopsy in the investigation of neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve 21:194–200, 1998
- Rohe M, Appell HJ, Schneider PG: Muscle biopsy—still a matter of methodological considerations. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 106:182–185, 1987
- Evans WJ, Phinney SD, Young VR: Suction applied to a muscle biopsy maximizes sample size. Med Sci Sports Exerc 14:101–102, 1982
- Henriksson KG: "Semi-open" muscle biopsy technique. A simple outpatient procedure. Acta Neurol Scand 59:317–323, 1979
- Dubowitz V: Muscle biopsy—technical and diagnostic aspects. Ann Clin Res 6:69–79, 1974
- Kauffman J: (9/21/2006) Muscle biopsy. Medline Plus web-site. Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003924.htm. Accessed September 1, 2007.
- Pamphlett R, Harper C, Tan N, Kakulas BA: Needle muscle biopsy: will it make open biopsy obsolete? Aust N Z J Med 15:199–202, 1985
- Kirby RL, Bonen A, Belcastro AN, Campbell CJ: Needle muscle biopsy: techniques to increase sample sizes, and com-plications. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 63:264–268, 1982
- Fukuyama Y, Suzuki Y, Hirayama Y, Harada J, Ohsawa M, Saito K, et al.: Percutaneous needle muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders in children. Histologi-cal, histochemical and electron microscopic studies. Brain Dev 3:277–287, 1981
- Curless RG, Nelson MB: Needle biopsies of muscle in infants for diagnosis and research. Dev Med Child Neurol 17:592–601, 1975
- Edwards RH, Lewis PD, Maunder C, Pearse AG: Percutane-ous needle biopsy in the diagnosis of muscle diseases. Lancet 2:1070–1071, 1973
- Ashford RU, McCarthy SW, Scolyer RA, Bonar SF, Karim RZ, Stalley PD: Surgical biopsy with intra-operative frozen section. An accurate and cost-effective method for diagnosis of musculoskeletal sarcomas. J Bone Joint Surg Br 88-B1207–1211, 2006
- King D: (2007) Muscle tissue. SIUC School of Medicine Anatomy website. Available at: http://www.siumed.edu/—dking2/ssb/muscle.htm. Accessed September 1, 2007.
- King D: (2002) Smooth muscle. SIUC School of Medicine Anatomy website. Available at: http://www.siumed.edu/Aking2/ssb/smoothm.htm. Accessed September 1, 2007.
- Kimball JW: (2007) Muscles. Cardiac muscle. Harvard University website. Available at: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Muscles.html. Accessed August 20, 2007.
- LIkema-Paassen J, Gramsbergen A: Development of postural muscles and their innervation. Neural Plast 12:141–151, 2005
- Mitchell J: Histologic. 31:27–32, 2002. Muscle biopsy basics in IHC World website. Available at: http://www.ihcworld.com/_histologic/pdf/02_dec.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2007.
- Bieser K: (July 18, 1997) Adenosine triphosphatase (ATP) staining protocol. Washington University Neuromuscular Clinical Laboratory website/Available at: http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/NEUROMUSCULAR/pathol/histol/atp.htm. Accessed Au-gust 20, 2007.
- Arendt EA: Muscle fiber types. Orthopedics 8:787–789, 1985
- Lehninger AL, Nelson DL, Cox MM (eds.): Principles of Biochemistry. New York: Worth Publishers, 1973, pp 389–394.
- Hintz CS, Coyle EF, Kaiser KK, Chi MM, Lowry OH: Com-parison of muscle fiber typing by quantitative enzyme assays and by myosin ATAase staining. J Histochem Cytochem 32:655–660, 1984
- Mills SE (ed.): Special Techniques in Histology for Patholo-gists. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007, pp 206–207.
- Mastaglia FL, Walton J: Disuse, cachexia and aging. In: Skel-etal Muscle Pathology, Jennekins FGI (ed.). London: William Clowes (Beccles) Limited, 1982, pp 608–609.
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs: VA Research and Development. (December 9, 2001). Scientists find key to 'wasting syndrome' seen in cancer, AIDS. Available at: http://www.research.va.govinews/press_releases/wasting-syndrome-1209802.cfm. Accessed July 24, 2008.
- Bieser K: (July 18, 1997) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain protocol. Washington University Neuromuscular Clinical Laboratory website. Available at: http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/NEUROMUSCULAR/pathol/histol/h&e.htm. Accessed August 20, 2007.
- Mills SE (ed.): Special Techniques in Histology for Patholo-gists. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007, p 210.
- Brooke MH, Kaiser KK: The use and abuse of muscle histo-chemistry. Ann N Y Acad Sci 228:121–144, 1974
- Using histochemistry to determine muscle properties. ( May 31, 2006). Muscle Physiology page, University of San Diego website: Available at: http://muscle.ucsd.edu/musintro/histochem.shtml. Accessed August 18, 2007.
- Fishbein TM, Fishbein WN: A glucose-6-phosphate dehy-drogenase stain for frozen human skeletal muscle biopsy specimens. A sensitive indicator of fiber degeneration. Arch Pathol Lab Med 114:840–844, 1990
- Bieser K: (July 14, 1997) Gomori trichrome stain protocol. Wash-ington University Neuromuscular Clinical Laboratory website. Available at: http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/NEUROMUSCULAR/pathol/histol/trichrom.htm. Accessed August 20, 2007.
- Preedy VR, Peters TJ (eds.): Skeletal Muscle: Pathology Di-agnosis and Management of Disease. New York: Cambridge University, 2002, p 252.
- Congenital myopathies and weakness: nemaline (rod) myopa-thies. Neuromuscular Disease Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO. Website. Available at: http://neuromuscular.wustl.edu/syncm.html#rod. Accessed April 15, 2008.
- Fung K: Muscle pathology: nemaline myopathy. University of Oklahoma Health Science Center website. Available at: http://moon.ouhscedu/kfung/JTY1/NeuroHelp/ZNNOIE07.htm. Accessed August 20, 2007.
- Oil Red O for the demonstration of lipids in histopathology methods—Section 4 of Hoslink. A Resource Portal for Medi-cal and Biomedical Professionals. Available at: http://www.hoslink.com/histo/4.htm. Accessed August 20, 2007.
- Ellis R: (2007) Oil Red 0 Staining Protocol. Methods and Tech-niques for Histologists and Histochemists. IHC World website. Available at: http://www.ihcworld.conVprotocols/speciaLstains/oilred_o_ellis.htm. Accessed August 19, 2007.
- Llwellyn B: (May 2005) Oil Red 0. StainsFile, The Internet Resource for Histotechnologists website. Available at: http://stainsfile.info/StainsFile/dyes/26125.htm. Accessed August 20, 2007.
- Oil Red O. Surgical Pathology of Histology Staining Manual, Special Cells and Tissues at Spencer E. Eccles Health Sci-ences Library at University of Utah website. Available at: http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/MANUALS/OILRED.PDF. Accessed January 20, 2008.
- Gaffney E: Carbohydrates. In: Laboratory Methods in Histo-technology. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Prophet EB, Mills B, Arrington JB, Sobin LH (eds). Washington, DC: American Registry of Pathology, 1994, pp 151–152.
- Ellis R: (2007) Van Giesen Staining Protocol. Methods and Techniques for Histologists and Histochemists in IHC World website. Available at: http://www.ihcworld.com/_protocols/special_stains/van_gieson_ellis.htm. Accessed August 20, 2007.
- Introduction to immunohistochemistry. ( June 17, 2007). Methods and Techniques for Histologists and Immunohisto-chemists in IHC World website. Available at: http://www.ihcworld.com/intro/intro.htm. Accessed August 18, 2007.
- Engel AG, Franzini-Armstrong C (eds): Myology, Basic and Clinical. Vols. 1 & 2. New York: McGraw Hill, 1994, pp 149, 159.
- Hall G: Muscle biopsy. Pract Neurol 1:113–118, 2001
- Hoshino S, Ohkoshi N, Watanabe M, Shoji S: Immunohisto-chemical staining of dystrophin on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections in Duchenneffiecker muscular dystrophy and manifesting carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 10:425–429, 2000
- Sewry CA: Electron microscopy. In: Handbook of Muscle Disease. Lane RIM (ed). New York: Marcel Decker, Inc., 1996, pp 81–93.
- Sewry CA: Electron microscopy of human skeletal muscle: role in diagnosis. Curr Diagn Pathol 8:225–231, 2002
- Hudgson P: The value of electron microscopy in muscle bi-opsies. Proc R Soc Med 63:14–18, 1970
- Cenacchi G, Tarantino L, Corbu A, Badiali De Giorgi L, Fanin M, Pegoraro E, et al.: The contemporary role of electron mi-croscopy in neuromuscular pathology. Basic Appl Myol 17:167–171, 2007