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Peer-Reviewed Articles

Forward Osmosis—Reverse Osmosis Process Offers a Novel Hybrid Solution for Water Purification and Reuse

Pages 16-20 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013

References

  • Cath, T.Y.; Childress, A.E.; and Elimelech, M., 2006. Forward osmosis: Principles, applications, and recent developments. Journal of Membrane Science, 281(1-2):70–87.
  • Cath, T.Y.; Drewes, J.E.; and Lundin, C.D., 2009. A novel hybrid forward osmosis process for drinking water augmentation using impaired water and saline water sources—final report (Project #4150), Water Research Foundation, Denver, Colo.
  • Cath, T.Y.; Gormly, S.; Beaudry, E.G.; Flynn, M.T.; Adams, V.D.; and Childress, A.E., 2005. Membrane contactor processes for wastewater reclamation in space: Part I. Direct osmotic concentration as pretreatment for reverse osmosis. Journal of Membrane Science, 257(1-2):85–98.
  • Holloway, R.W.; Childress, A.E.; Dennett, K.E.; and Cath, T.Y., 2007. Forward osmosis for concentration of anaerobic digester centrate. Water Research, 41 (17): 4005–4014.
  • Loeb, S., 1976. Production of energy from concentrated brines by pressure-retarded osmosis: I. Preliminary technical and economic correlations. Journal of Membrane Science, 1: 49–63.
  • Loeb, S.; Hassen, F.v.; and Shahaf, D., 1976. Production of energy from concentrated brines by pressure-retarded osmosis: II. Experimental results and projected energy costs. Journal of Membrane Science, 1: 249–269.
  • McCutcheon, J.R. and Elimelech, M., 2006. Influence of concentrative and dilutive internal concentration polarization on flux behavior in forward osmosis. Journal of Membrane Science, 284(1-2):237–247.
  • Miller, G.W., 2006. Integrated concepts in water reuse: managing global water needs. Desalination, 187(1-3):65–75.

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