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IDA Journal of Desalination and Water Reuse Volume 4, 2012 - Issue 3
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Energy Use

Low-Energy Consumption With Closed-Circuit Desalination

Richard L. Stover
&
Nadav Efraty
Pages 12-19 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013

References

  • Bratt, R., 1989. US Patent No. 4,814,086, March 1989.
  • Efraty, A., 2009. US Patent No. 7,628,921, December 2009, and related patents issued worldwide.
  • Efraty, A., 2010. US Patent No. 7,695,614, April 2010, and related patents issued worldwide.
  • Efraty, A., 2011. Closed Circuit Desalination (CCD), High Recovery, Flux & Rejection—Low Fouling & Energy. Proceedings of the 2011 Qingdao International Conference on Desalination and Water Rescue (EDS-CDA Joint Conference), 222–238, June 20–23, 2011, Qingdao, China.
  • Efraty, A.; Barak, R.N.; and Gal, Z., 2010. Closed Circuit Desalination—A New Low Energy High Recovery Technology without Energy Recovery. Proceedings of the European Society Meeting, Paper No. 160. Oct. 3–7, 2010, Tel Aviv, Israel.
  • Efraty, A.; Barak, R.; and Gal, Z., 2011a. Closed Circuit Desalination—A New Low Energy High Recovery Technology without Energy Recovery. Desalination and Water Treatment, 31: 95–101.
  • Efraty, A.; Barak, R.; and Gal, Z., 2011b. Closed Circuit Desalination Series No-4: High Recovery Low Energy Desalination of Brackish Water by a New Single Stage Method without any loss of Brine Energy. Desalination and Water Treatment, 42: 262–268.
  • Loeb, S. and Sourirajan, S., 1963. American Chemical Society Advances in Chemistry Series. ACS 38: 117–132 and references therein.
  • Moch, I., 2007. Evaluating Seawater Energy Recovery Devices. Proceedings of the American Membrane Technology Association Meeting, Las Vegas, Nev., July 2007.
  • Seacord, T.; MacHarg, J.; and Coker, S., 2006. Affordable Desalination Collaboration 2005 Results. Proceedings of the American Membrane Technology Association Conference, Stuart, Fla., July 2006.
  • Stover, R., 2009. Evolution of Energy Consumption in Seawater Reverse Osmosis. Desalination and Water Reuse, 19/2: 27–30.
  • Stover, R. and Andrews, W., 2011. Isobaric Energy Recovery Devices—Past, Present and Future. Proceedings of the International Desalination Association World Congress, Perth, Australia, September 2011.
  • Szucz, L. and Szucz, A., 1991. US Patent No 4,983,301, January 1991.

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