REFERENCES
- Mc Donald PJ, Pruul H. Macrolides and the immune system. Scand J Infect Dis 1992; 83, suppl: 34-40.
- Tulkens PM. Intracellular distribution and activity of antibiotics. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1991; 10: 100–106.
- Butts JD. Intracellular concentrations of antibacterial agents and related clinical implications. Clin Pharmacokinet 1994; 24: 63–84.
- Fietta A, Merlini C, Gialdroni Grassi G. Requirements for intracellular accumulation and release of clarithromycin and azithromycin by human phagocytes. J Chemother 1997; 9,1: 23–31.
- Fietta A, Boeri P, Colombo ML, Merlini C, Gialdroni Grassi G. Bioactivity of flurithromycin and other macrolides against intracellular susceptible staphylococci. Chemotherapy 1993; 39: 48–54.
- Leijh PCJ, Van den Barselaar MTH, Van Zwet NL, Daha MR, Van Furth R. Requirement of extracellular comple-ment and immunoglobulins for intracellular killing of microorganisms by human monocytes. J Clin Invest 1979; 63: 772–784.
- Fietta A, Merlini C, Gialdroni Grassi G. In vitro activity of two new oral cephalosporins, cefixime and cefdinir (CI983), on human peripheral mononuclear and polymor-phonuclear leukocyte functions. Chemotherapy 1994; 40: 317–323.
- Labro MT. Interaction entre les agents anti-infectieux et les phagocytes. Presse Med 1995; 24: 992–998.
- Gemmel CG. Antibiotics and neutrophil function - potential immunomodulating activities. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993; 31, suppl B: 23-33.
- Labro MT, El Benna J, Abdelghaffar H. Modulation of human polymorphonuclear neutrophil function by macrolides: preliminary data concerning dirithromycin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993; 31, suppl C: 51-64.
- Mitsuyama T, Tanaka T, Hidaka K, Abe M, Hara N. Inhibition by erythromycin of superoxide anion production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes through the action of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Respiration 1995; 62: 269–273.
- Pascual A, Lopez-Lopez G, Aragon J, Perea EJ. Effect of azithromycin, roxithromycin and erythromycin on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function against Staphylococcus aureus. Chemotherapy 1990; 36: 422–427.
- Pascual A, Conejo C, Garcia I, Perea EJ. Factors affect-ing the intracellular accumulation and activity of azithromycin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995; 35: 85–93.
- Bonnet M, Van der Auwera P. In-vitro and in-vivo intraleukocytic accumulation of azithromycin (CF 62,993) and its influence on ex vivo leukocyte chemiluminescence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36: 1302-1309.
- Meyer AP, Bril-Bazuin C, Mattie H, Van den Broek PJ. Uptake of azithromycin by human monocytes and enhanced intracellular antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37: 2318–2322.
- Paulsen P, Simon C, Peters 0, Hedderich J, Heim P. Influence of azithromycin and other macrolides on the intra-cellular killing of Staph aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes of healthy donors and a patient with Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Chemotherapy 1992; 38: 185–190.
- Scaglione F, Demartini G, Dugnani S, Fraschini F. A new model examining intracellular and extracellular activity of amoxicillin, azithromycin and clarithromycin in infected cells. Chemotherapy 1993; 39: 416–423.
- Milatovic D. Intraphagocytic activity of erythromycin, roxithromycin and azithromycin. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 1: 33–35.
- Rakita RM, Jacques-Palaz K, Murray BE. Intracellular activity of azithromycin against bacterial enteric pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38: 1915–1925.
- Blais J, Beauchamp D, Chamberland S. Azithromycin uptake and intracellular accumulation by Toxoplasma gondii- infected macrophages. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994; 34: 371–382.
- Edelstein PH, Edelstein MAC. In vitro activity of azithromycin against clinical isolates of Legionella species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991; 35: 180–181.
- Anderson R, Joone G, Van Rensburg CEJ. An in-vitro evaluation of the cellular uptake and intraphagocytic bioactiv-ity of clarithromycin (A-56,268, TE-031), a new macrolide antimicrobial agent. J Antimicrob Chemother 1988; 22: 923–933.
- Barradell LB, Plasker GL, Mc Tavish D. Clarithromycin-A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection in patients with acquired immune deficien-cy syndrome. Drugs 1993; 46: 289–312.
- Mor N, Heifets L. Inhibition of intracellular growth of Mycobacterium avium by one pulsed exposure of infected macrophages to clarithromycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37: 1380–1382.
- Yajko DM, Nassos PS, Sanders CA, Gonzales PC, Hadley WK. Comparison of the intracellular activities of clar-ithromycin and erythromycin against Mycobacterium avium complex strains in J774 cells and alveolar macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus type-l-infected individuals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36: 1163–1165.