14
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Experimental and Clinical Research

Antibacterial Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniaeand Haemophilus influenzae from Italy and Spain: Data from the PROTEKT Surveillance Study, 1999–2000

Pages 226-234 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013

References

  • Appelbaum PC. Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: an overview. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15 (1): 77–83.
  • Felmingham D, Gnineberg RN. The Alexander Project 1996-1997: latest susceptibility data from this international study of bacterial pathogens from community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45 (2): 191–203.
  • Sahm DF, Jones ME, Hickey ML, Diakun DR, Mani SV, Thornsberry C. Resistance surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis isolated in Asia and Europe, 1997-1998. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45 (4): 457–66.
  • Schito GC, Debbia EA, Marchese A. The evolving threat of antibiotic resistance in Europe: new data from the Alexander Project. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 46 Suppl Ti: 3-9.
  • Fenoll A, Martin Bourgon C, Munoz R, Vicioso D, Casal J. Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing systemic infec-tions in Spain, 1979-1989. Rev Infect Dis 1991; 13 (1): 56–60.
  • Baquero F, Garcia-Rodriguez JA, Garcia de Lomas J, Aguilar L. Antimicrobial resistance of 1,113 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients with respiratory tract infec-tions in Spain: results of a 1-year (1996-1997) multicenter surveillance study. The Spanish Surveillance Group for Respiratory Pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43 (2): 357-9.
  • Granizo JJ, Aguilar L, Casal J, Garcia-Rey C, Dal-Re R, Baquero F. Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to ery-thromycin and penicillin in relation to macrolide and beta-lac-tam consumption in Spain (1979-1997). J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 46 (5): 767–73.
  • Fenoll A, Jado I, Vicioso D, Perez A, Casal J. Evolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and antibiotic resis-tance in Spain: update (1990 to 1996). J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 3447–54.
  • Linares J, Tubau F, Dominguez MA. Antibiotic resis-tance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Spain: an overview of the 1990s. In: Tomasz A, ed. Streptococcus pneumoniae: molecular biology & mechanisms of disease. Larchmont, NY: Mary Ann Liebert Inc. 2000: 399-407.
  • Perez-Trallero E, Fernandez-Mazarrasa C, Garcia-Rey C, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of 1,684 Streptococcus .pneumoniae and 2,039 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates and their ecological relationships: results of a 1-year (1998-1999) multicenter surveillance study in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 3334-40.
  • Marchese A, Schito GC. Resistance patterns of lower respiratory tract pathogens in Europe. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2000;16 Suppl 1: S25–9.
  • National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Sensitivity Testing - 10th edn. Suppl. tables M100-S10. NCCLS, Wayne, PA. 19087-1898, 2000
  • Farrell DJ, Morrissey I, Bakker S, Felmingham D. Detection of macrolide resistance mechanisms in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes using a multiplex rapid cycle PCR with microwell-format probe hybridization. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48 (4): 541–4.
  • Linares J, Pallares R, Alonso T et al. Trends in antimi-crobial resistance of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneu-moniae in Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain (1979-1990). Clin Infect Dis 1992; 15 (1): 99-105.
  • Carazo C, BatiOn R, Rojo M, Miranda C, Cueto M, Rosa M. Resistencia a penicilina de neumococos. 4° Congreso de la Sociedad Espanola de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologicia Clinica, 1990 6-9 May, Madrid, Spain.
  • Perez del Molino ML, Lopez JM, Garea MT, Pardo F. Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Galicia. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 1991; 9 (8): 495–7.
  • Felmingham D, Washington J. Trends in the antimicro-bial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory tract pathogens — findings of the Alexander Project 1992-1996. J Chemother 1999; 11 (Suppl 1): 5–21.
  • Pallares R, Capdevila O, Litiares J, et al. The effect of cephalosporin resistance on mortality in adult patients with nonmeningeal systemic pneumococcal infections. Am J Med 2002; 113: 120–6.
  • Schito GC, Mannelli S, Cibrario-Sent M, Pesce A, Marchese A. Evoluzione delle resistenze ai farmaci antimicrobi-ci in Streptococcus pneumoniae circolante in Italia. Analisi dei dati dell'Osservatorio Epidemiologico Italiano. Giornale Italian° di Microbiologia Medica Odontoiatrica e Clinica 1999; 3: 43–57.
  • Seral C, Castillo FJ, Rubio-Calvo MC, Fenoll A, Garcia C, Gomez-Lus R. Distribution of resistance genes tet(M), aph3'-III, catpC194 and the integrase gene of Tn1545 in clin-ical Streptococcus pneumoniae harbouring erm(B) and mef(A) genes in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47: 863–6.
  • Linares J, Tubau F, Dominguez MA, Martin R. Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MRSp): a Spanish multicenter study of in vitro activities of grepafloxacin and 12 antimicrobials against 300 MRSp strains: Characterization of MRSp phenotypes. 39th Interscience Conference of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 1999 Sept 26-29; San Francisco, CA.
  • Morosini MI, Cantôn R, Loza E, et al. In vitro activity of telithromycin against Spanish Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with characterized macrolide resistance mechanisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45 (9): 2427–31.
  • Marchese A, Tonoli E, Debbia EA, Schito GC. Macrolide resistance mechanisms and expression of pheno-types among Streptococcus pneumoniae circulating in Italy. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 44 (4): 461–4.
  • Farrell DJ, Morrissey I, Bakker S, Felmingham D. Molecular characterization of macrolide resistance mechanisms among Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyo-genes isolated from the PROTEKT 1999-2000 study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 50 (Suppl. 51): 39-47.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.