References
- Finch RG. Antibiotic resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 1998; 42: 125–8.
- Cohen ML. Changing patterns of infectious disease. Nature 2000; 406: 762–7.
- Archibald L, Phillips L, Monnet D, McGowan JE Jr, Tenover F, Gaynes R. Antimicrobial resistance in isolates from inpatients and outpatients in the United States: increasing importance of the intensive care unit. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24: 211–5.
- Hughes JM, Tenover FC. Approaches to limiting emer-gence of antimicrobial resistance in human populations. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24 (Suppl 1): 131–5.
- Seppala H, Klaukka T, Lehtonen R, Nenonen E, Huovinen P. Outpatient use of erythromycin: link to increased erithromycin resistance in group A streptococci. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 1378–85.
- Andra?evic AT, Tambic T, Kalenic S, et al. Surveillance for Antimicrobial Resistance in Croatia. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8 (1): 14–18.
- Karchmer AW. Cephalosporins. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles and Practise of Infectious Diseases, New York, USA, Churchill Livingstone Inc. Co. 1995: 2128-47.
- National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards: Zone Diameter ?nterpretive standards and Equivalent Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Breakpoints for S.pneumoniae, Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility, 9.?nformational Supplement, Table 2G, 2002.
- Sanders CC. Chromosomal cephalosporinases responsible for multiple resistance to newer g-lactam antibiotics. Annu Rev Microbiol 1987; 41: 573–93.
- Abraham EP, Chain E. An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin. Nature 1940; 146:837.
- Jacoby GA. Genetics of extended-spectrum g-lacta-mases. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994; 13 (Suppl. 1): 2-11.
- Jacoby GA, Medeiros AA. More extended-spectrum 1-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1991: 35: 1697-1704,
- Philippon A, Labia R, Jacoby G. Extended-spectrum 1-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989; 33: 1131-36.
- Yaman A, Tasova Y, Kibar F, et al. Saudi Med J. 2004; 25 (10): 1403-9. Investigation of the antibiotic suscepti-bility patterns of pathogens causing nosocomial infections.
- Karatas H, Yalcin AN, Turgut H, Cetin B. Antibiotic usage and costs in the community. Infez Med 2004; 12 (2): 132–5.
- Ozsoy MF, Pahsa A, Yildirim A, Erdemo?lu A, Emekdas G, Oncul A. Klebsiella ve Escherichia coli su?larin-da beta-laktam antibiyotiklere direnç ve “geni?lemis spektrumlu beta-laktamaz” sikli?i Turk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg 2001; 31(1-2): 46–53
- Kaye KS, Cosgrove S, Harris A, Eliopoulos GM, Carmeli Y. Risk factors for emergence of resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins among Enterobacter spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45 (9): 2628–30.
- Aksaray S, Dokuzo?uz B, Gtivener E, et al. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative isolates from intensive care units in eight hospitals in Turkey. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45: 695–9.
- Livermore DM. g-lactamases in laboratory and clinical resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995; 8: 557–584.
- Hernández-Allês S, Conejo MC, Pascual A, et al. Relationship between outer membrane alterations and suscep-tibility to antimicrobial agents in isogenic strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 46: 273–77.
- Martinez-Martinez L, Conejo MC, Pascual A, et al. Activities of imipenem and cephalosporins against clonally related strains of Escherichia coli hyperproducing chromoso-mal g-lactamase and showing altered porin profiles. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44: 2534–36.
- Medeiros A. Evolution and dissemination of g-lacta-mases accelerated by generations of g-lactam antibiotics. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24: 19–45.
- Philippon A, Arlet G, Jacoby GA. Plasmid-determined AmpC-type g-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46 (1): 1–11.
- Special issues in susceptibility testing. In: Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckenberger PC, Winn WC editors. Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. Philadelphia, USA, J.B Lippincott Co. 1997: 828-89.
- Paterson DL. Recommendation for treatment of severe infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum g lactamases. Clin Microbiol Infect 2000; 6: 460–3.
- Katsanis GP, Spargo J, Ferraro MJ, Sutton L, Jacoby GA. Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains producing extended spectrum g lactamases. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 691–6.
- Kessler RE. Cefepime microbiologic profile and update. Pediatr Infect Dis 2001; 20: 331–6.
- Enterobacteriacaea. In: Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckenberger PC, Winn WC, eds. Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. Fifth Edition, Philadelphia, J.B Lippincott Company, 1997: 171-252.