Cytotoxic Proteins Combined with Prodigiosin Obtained from Serratia marcescens Have Both Broad and Selective Cytotoxic Activity on Tumor Cells

References

• Bennett JW, Bentley R. Seeing red: the story of prodi-giosin. AdV. Appl. Microbiol. 2000; 47: 1–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manderville RA. Synthesis, proton-affinity and anti-can-cer properties of the prodigiosin-group natural products. Curr. Med. Chem.-Anti-Cancer Agents 2001; 1 (2): 195–218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Montaner B, Perez_Tomas R. The prodigiosins: a new family of anticancer drugs. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2003; 3 (1): 57–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NCI Internet at http:www.dtp.nci.nih.gov, the NSC number for prodigiosin is 47147-F. 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Maeda H, Molla A, Sakamoto K, Murakami A, Matsumura Y. Cytotoxicity of bacterial proteases in various tumor cells mediated through alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor. Cancer Res. 1989; 49 (3): 660–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Akaike T, Hayashida K, Okamoto T, Okuyama A, Maeda H. Enhanced vascular permeability in solid tumor involving peroxynitrite and matrix metalloproteinase. Jpn J Cancer Res. 2001; 92 (4): 439–451.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marty KB, Williams CL, Guynn II, Benedik MJ, Blanke SR. Characterization of a cytotoxic factor in culture filtrates of Serratia marcescens. Infect Immun 2002; 70 (3): 1121–1128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbonell CV, Amorim CR, Furumura MT, Darini AL, Fonseca BA, Yano T. Biological activity of Serratia marcescens cytotoxin. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2003; 36 (3): 351–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbonell CV, Falcon R, Yamada AT, da Fonseca BA, Yano T. Morphological and intracellular alterations induced by Serratia marcescens cytotoxin. Res Microbiol. 2004; 155 (1): 25–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxici-ty assays. J Immunol Meth 1983; 65(1-2): 55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual . 2nd ed. Plainview, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Skehan P, Storeng R, Scudiero D et al. New colorimet-ric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer-drug screening. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990; 82 (13): 1107–1112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soldatenkov VA, Prasad S, Voloshin Y, Dritschilo A. Sodium butyrate induces apoptosis and accumulation of ubiq-uitinated proteins in human breast carcinoma cells. Cell Death Differ. 1998;5 (4): 307–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apoptosis Detection System, Fluorescein, Technical Bulletin #TB235, Promega Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Hardy E. “Reverse-staining” of biomolecules in elec- trophoresis gels: analytical and micropreparative applications. Anal Biochem. 2004; 328 (1): 1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bairoch A, Apweiler R. The SWISS-PROT protein sequence data bank and its new supplement TREMBL. Nucleic Acids Res. 1996; 24 (1): 21–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson WR, Lipman DJ. Improved tools for biological sequence comparison. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1988; 85 (8): 2444–2448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zor T, Selinger Z. Linearization of the Bradford protein assay increases its sensitivity: theoretical and experimental studies. Anal Biochem. 1996; 236 (2): 302–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams RP, Gott CL, Qadri SM. Induction of pigmen-tation in nonproliferating cells of Serratia marcescens by addition of single amino acids. J Bacteriol. 1971; 106 (2): 444–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970; 227 (5269): 680–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klose J, Kobalz U. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins: An updated protocol and implications for a function-al analysis of the genome. Electrophoresis 1995; 16 (6): 1034–1059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giri AV, Anandkumar N, Muthukumaran G, Pennathur G. A novel medium for the enhanced cell growth and produc-tion of prodigiosin from Serratia marcescens isolated from soil. BMC Microbiol. 2004; 4:11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braunage SC, Benedik MJ. The metalloprotease gene of Serratia marcescens strain SM6. Mol Gen Genet. 1990; 222(2-3): 446–451.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nakahama K, Yoshimura K, Marumoto R et al. Matsubara H. Cloning and sequencing of Serratia protease gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986; 14 (14): 5843-5854.
   Google Scholar
• Finlay BB, Falkow S. Common themes in microbial pathogenicity. Microbiol Rev. 1989; 53 (2): 210-230. Review.
   Google Scholar
• Chakrabarty AM. Microorganisms and cancer: quest for a therapy. J Bacteriol. 2003; 185 (9): 2683-2686. Review.
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi N, Ichikawa Y. Separation of the prodi-giosin-localizing crude vesicles which retain the activity of pro-tease and nuclease in Serratia marcescens. Microbiol Immunol. 1991; 35 (8): 607–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar MM, Carbonell CV, Beriam LOS, Siquiera WJ, Yano T. Cytotoxin production in phytopathogenic and ento-mopathogenic Serratia marcescens. Rev Latinoam. Microbiol. 2001; 43 (4): 165–170.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ronen D, Schwartz D, Teitz Y, Goldfinger N, Rotter V. Induction of HL-60 cells to undergo apoptosis is determined by high levels of wild-type p53 protein whereas differentiation of the cells is mediated by lower p53 levels. Cell Growth Differ. 1996; 7 (1): 21–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Montaner B, Pêrez-Tomás R. Prodigiosin-induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Life Sci. 2001; 68 (17): 2025–2036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamada K, Hata Y, Katsuya Y, Hiramatsu H, Fujiwara T, Katsube Y. Crystal structure of Serratia protease, a zinc-dependent proteinase from Serratia sp. E-15, containing a beta-sheet coil motif at 2.0 A resolution. J Biochem. (Tokyo) 1996; 119 (5): 5844-5851.
   Google Scholar
• B. Montaner, S. Navarro, M. Pique et al. Prodigiosin from the supernatant of Serratia marcescens induces apopto-sis in haematopoietic cancer cell lines. Br J Pharmacol. 2000; 131 (3): 585-593.
   Google Scholar
• Carbonell CV, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA et al. Detection of cytotoxic activity on Vero cells in clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1997; 30 (11): 1291-1298.
   Google Scholar
• Carbonell CV, Della Colleta HH, Yano T, Darini AL, Levy CE, Fonseca BA. Clinical relevance and virulence factors of pigmented Serratia marcescens. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2000; 28 (2): 143–149.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vitias M, Lorên JG, Guinea J. Particulate-bound pig-ment of Serratia marcescens and its association with the cel-lular envelopes. Microbios Lett 1983; 24: 19–26.
   Google Scholar