19
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

A Case Series of Macrolide Treatment Failures in Community Acquired Pneumonia

Pages 536-545 | Published online: 18 Jul 2013

References

  • Fogarty C, Goldschmidt R, Bush K. Bacteremic pneumo-nia due to multidrug-resistant pneumococci in 3 patients treat-ed unsuccessfully with azithromycin and successfully with lev- ofloxacin. Clin Infect Dis. 2000; 31 (2): 613–615.
  • Van Kerkhoven D, Peetermans WE, Verbist L, Verhaegen J. Breakthrough pneumococcal bacteraemia in patients treated with clarithromycin or oral beta-lactams. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003; 51 (3): 691–696.
  • Waterer GW, Wunderink RG, Jones CB. Fatal pneumo-coccal pneumonia attributed to macrolide resistance and azithromycin monotherapy. Chest. 2000; 118 (6): 1839–1840.
  • Kelley MA, Weber DJ, Gilligan P, Cohen MS. Breakthrough pneumococcal bacteremia in patients being treated with azithromycin and clarithromycin. Clin Infect Dis. 2000; 31 (4): 1008–1011.
  • Lonks JR, Garau J, Gomez L, et al. Failure of macrolide antibiotic treatment in patients with bacteremia due to ery-thromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis. 2002; 35 (5): 556–564.
  • Reinert RR. Resistance phenotypes and multi-drug resis-tance in Streptococcus pneumoniae (PROTEKT years 1-3 [1999-20021). J Chemother. 2004;16 Suppl 6: 35–48.
  • Doern CV, Brown SD. Antimicrobial susceptibility among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens in the USA: data from PROTEKT US 2000-01. J Infect. 2004; 48 (1): 56–65.
  • Brown SD, Farrell DJ. Antibacterial susceptibility among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from paediatric and adult patients as part of the PROTEKT US study in 2001-2002. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;54 Suppl 1: i23–29.
  • Musher DM, Dowell ME, Shortridge VD, et al. Emergence of macrolide resistance during treatment of pneu-mococcal pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346 (8): 630–631.
  • Daneman N, McGeer A, Green K, Low DE. Macrolide resistance in bacteremic pneumococcal disease: implications for patient management. Clin Infect Dis. 2006; 43 (4): 432–438.
  • Metlay JP, Fishman NO, Joffe MM, Kallan MJ, Chittams JL, Edelstein PH. Macrolide resistance in adults with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006; 12 (8): 1223–1230.
  • Vanderkooi OG, Low DE, Green K, Powis JE, McGeer A. Predicting antimicrobial resistance in invasive pneumococ-cal infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2005; 40 (9): 1288–1297.
  • Baquero F. Evolving resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae: a link with long-acting macrolide consumption? J Chemother. 1999;11 Suppl 1: 35–43.
  • Jacobs MR. In vivo veritas: in vitro macrolide resistance in systemic Streptococcus pneumoniae infections does result in clinical failure. Clin Infect Dis. 2002; 35 (5): 565–569.
  • Bishai W. The in vivo-in vitro paradox in pneumococcal respiratory tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002; 49 (3): 433–436.
  • Mandell LA, Bartlett JG, Dowell SF, File TM, Jr., Musher DM, Whitney C. Update of practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immuno-competent adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 37 (11): 1405–1433.
  • Niederman MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A, et al. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 163 (7): 1730–1754.
  • Mandell LA, Marrie TJ, Grossman RF, Chow AW, Hyland RH. Canadian guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: an evidence-based update by the Canadian Infectious Diseases Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society. The Canadian Community-Acquired Pneumonia Working Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2000; 31 (2): 383–421.
  • Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of communi-ty-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44 Suppl 2: S27–72.
  • Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumo-nia. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336 (4): 243–250.
  • Weiss K, Low DE, Cortes L, et al. Clinical characteris-tics at initial presentation and impact of dual therapy on the outcome of bacteremic Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumo-nia in adults. Can Respir J. 2004; 11 (8): 589–593.
  • Yu VL, Chiou CC, Feldman C, et al. An international prospective study of pneumococcal bacteremia: correlation with in vitro resistance, antibiotics administered, and clinical outcome. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 37 (2): 230–237.
  • Aspa J, Rajas 0, Rodriguez de Castro F, et al. Drug-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia: clinical relevance and related factors. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 38 (6): 787–798.
  • Martinez JA, Horcajada JP, Almela M, et al. Addition of a macrolide to a beta-lactam-based empirical antibiotic regi-men is associated with lower in-hospital mortality for patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2003; 36 (4): 389–395.
  • Gotfried MH. Appropriate outpatient macrolide use in community-acquired pneumonia. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2004; 16 (4): 146, 148, 150 passim.
  • Nuermberger E, Bishai WR. The clinical significance of macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: it's all relative. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 38 (1): 99–103.
  • Halpern MT, Schmier JK, Snyder LM, et al. Meta-analysis of bacterial resistance to macrolides. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005; 55 (5): 748–757.
  • Canton R, Morosini M, Enright MC, Morrissey I. Worldwide incidence, molecular epidemiology and mutations implicated in fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumo-niae: data from the global PROTEKT surveillance programme. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003; 52 (6): 944–952.
  • Paladino JA, Sperry HE, Backes JM, et al. Clinical and economic evaluation of oral ciprofloxacin after an abbreviated course of intravenous antibiotics. Am J Med. 1991; 91 (5): 462–470.
  • Kupronis BA, Richards CL, Whitney CG. Invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults residing in long-term care facilities and in the community. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003; 51 (11): 1520–1525.
  • Metlay JP, Hofmann J, Cetron MS, et al. Impact of penicillin susceptibility on medical outcomes for adult patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2000; 30 (3): 520–528.
  • Fine MJ, Smith MA, Carson CA, et al. Prognosis and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia - A meta-analysis. JAMA. 1996; 275 (2): 134–141.
  • Steinman MA, Gonzales R, Linder JA, Landefeld CS. Changing use of antibiotics in community-based outpatient practice, 1991-1999. Ann Intern Med. 2003; 138 (7): 525–533.
  • Steinman MA, Landefeld CS, Gonzales R. Predictors of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in adult primary care. JAMA. 2003; 289 (6): 719–725.
  • Singer ME AC, Rose J. Outpatient community-acquired pneumonia in non-elderly adults: Treatment and outcomes. Value Health. 2005; 8: 304–305.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.