Telomerase Activity and Telomere Length in Human Tumor Cells with Acquired Resistance to Anticancer Agents

REFERENCES

• Deininger M, Buchdunger E, Bruker BJ. The development of imatinib as a therapeutic agent for chronic myeloid meuke-mia. Blood 2005; 105: 2640–2652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith V, Raynaud F, Workman P, Kelland LR. Characte-rization of a human colorectal carcinoma cel line with acquired resistance to flavopiridol. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 60: 885–893.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith V, Rowlands MG, Barrie E, Workman P, Kelland LR. Establishment and characerization of acquired resistance to the farnesyl transferase inhibitor R115777 in a human colon cancer cell line. Clin Cancer Res 2002; 8: 2002-2009.
   Google Scholar
• Nakanishi T. Drug transporters as targets for cancer che-motherapy. Cancer Genom Proteom 2007; 4 (3): 241–254.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Borst P, Evers R,Kool M, Wijnholds J. A family of drug transporters: the multidrug resistance associated proteins, J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: 1295-1302.
   Google Scholar
• Chumsri S, Phatak P, Edelman MJ, Khakpour N, Ham-burger AW, Burger AM. Cancer Stem Cells and Individualized Therapy. Cancer Genom Proteom 2007; 4: 165–174.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chumsri S, Burger AM. Cancer stem cell targeted agents: Therapeutic approaches and consequences. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2008; 10: 323–333.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kjeldsen E, Bonven BJ, Andoh T, Ishii K, Okada K. Bolund L et al. Characterization of a camptothecin-resistant human DNA topoisomerase I. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 3912–3916.
   Google Scholar
• Tamura H, Kohchi C, Yamada R, Ikeda T, Koiwai O, Patterson E et al. Molecular cloning of a cDNA of a camptothecin-resistant human DNA topoisomerase I and identification of mutation sites. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19: 69–75.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson SW, Perez RP, Godwin AK, Yeung AT, Handel LM, Ozols RF et al. Role of platinum-DNA adduct formation and removal in cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 47: 689–697.
   Google Scholar
• Harris LC, Margison GP. Expression in mammalian cells of the Escherichia coli 06 alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase gene ogt reduces the toxicity of alkylnitrosoureas. Br J Cancer 1993; 67: 1196–1202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliopoulos AG, Kerr DJ, Herod J, Hodkins L, Krajewski S, Reeed JC et al. The contorl of apoptosis and drug resistance in ovarian cancer: influence of p53 and Bcl-2. Oncogene 1995; 11: 1217–1228.
   Google Scholar
• Vilenchik M, Raffo AJ, Benimetskaya L, Shames D, Stein CA. Antisens RNA down-regulation of bc1-xL expression in pro-state cancer cells leads to diminished rates of cellular proliferation and resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agens, Cancer Res 2002; 62: 2175-2183.
   Google Scholar
• Ishikawa T, Wright CD, Ishizuka H. GS-X pump is fun-ctionally overexpressed in cis-diamminedichlorplatinum (II)-resi-stant huma leukemia HL-60 clels and down-regulated by cell differentiation, J. Biol Chem 1994; 269: 29085–29093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn WC, Stewart SA, Brooks MW, York SG, Eaton E, Kurachi A et al. Inhibition of telomerase limits the growth of human cancer cells. Nat Med 1999; 5: 1164–1170.
   Google Scholar
• Phatak P, Burger AM. Telomerase and its potential for therapeutic intervention. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152: 1003-1011.
   Google Scholar
• Ishibashi T, Lippard SJ. Telomere loss in cells treated with cisplatin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95: 4219–4223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger AM, Harnden P. Telomerase in germ cell tumours: inhibition of telomerase activity after cisplatin-based therapy. In: Jones I, Appelyard I. Harnden P, Joffe JK eds. Germ Cell Tu-mours IV, London, John Libbey & Co. Ltd. 1998: 73-80.
   Google Scholar
• Deschatrette J, Ng KH, Gouthière L, Maigné J, Guerroui S, Wolfrom C. Telomere dynamics determine episodes of anti-cancer drug resistance in rat hepatoma cells. Anticancer Drugs 2004; 15 (7): 671–678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mo Y, Gan Y, Song S, Johnston J, Xiao X, Wientjes MG et al. Simultaneous targeting of telomeres and telomerase as a cancer therapeutic approach. Cancer Res 2003; 63 (3): 579–585.
   Google Scholar
• Blackburn EH, Telomere states and cell fates. Nature 2000; 408: 53–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth T, Burger AM, Dengler W, Fiebig HH.: Human tumor cell lines demonstrating the characteristics of patient tu-mors as useful models for anticancer drug development. In: Fie-big HH, Burger AM, eds. Relevance of tumor models for anticancer drug development, Contributions to Oncology, vol. 54, Basel: Karger Verlag, 1999: 145-156.
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz van Haperen VWT, Veerman G, Eriksson S, Boven E, Stegmann APA, Hermsen M et al. Development and charac-terization of a 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine-resistant variant of the human ovarian cancer cell line A2780. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 4138-4143.
   Google Scholar
• Bergman AM, Ruiz van Haperen VWT, Veerman G, Kui-per CM, Peters GJ. Synergistic interaction between gemcitabine and cisplatin in vitro. Clin Cancer Res 1996; 2: 521–530.
   Google Scholar
• Bergman AM, Giaccone G, Van Moorsel CJA, Mauritz R, Noordhuis P, Pinedo HM et al. Cross-resistance in the 2',2'-di-fluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine) resistant human ovarian cancer cell line AG6000 to standard and investigational drugs. Eur J Cancer 2000; 36: 1974–1983.
   Google Scholar
• Skehan P, Storeng R, Scudiero D, Monks A, McMahon J, Vistica D et al. New colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer-drug screening. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990; 82: 1107–1112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiebig HH, Maier A, Burger AM. Clonogenic assay with established human tumor xenografts: correlation of in vitro to in vivo activity as a basis for anticancer drug discovery. Eur J Can-cer 2004; 40: 802–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mistry P, Kelland LR, Abel G, Sidhar S, Harrap KR. The relationship between glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase and cytotoxicity of platinum drugs and melphalan in eight human ova-rian carcinoma cell lines. Br J Cancer 1991; 64: 215–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cookson JC, Dai F, Smith V, Heald RA, Laughton CA, Stevens MFG et al. Pharmacodynamics of the G-quadruplex-sta-bilizing telomerase inhibitor 3,11-difluoro-6,8,13-trimethy1-8H-quino[4,3,2-kl]acridinium methosulfate (RHPS4) in vitro: activity in human tumor cells correlates with telomere length and can be enhanced, or antagonized, with cytotoxic agents. Mol Pharmacol 2005; 68: 15551–15558.
   Google Scholar
• Peters GJ, Van Moorsel CJA, Lakerveld B, Smid K, No-ordhuis P, Comijn EC, et al. Effects of gemcitabine on cis-plati-num-DNA adduct formation and repair in a panel of gemcitabine and cisplatin sensitive or resistant human ovarian cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2006; 28: 237–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mese H, Ueyama Y, Suzuki A, Nakayama S, Sasaki A, Hamakawa H et al. Inhibition of telomerase activity as a mea-sure of tumor cell killing by cisplatin in squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Chemotherapy 2001; 47: 136–142.
   Google Scholar
• Phatak P, Dai F, Nandakumar MP, Gutierrez PL, Edelman MJ, Hendriks H et al. KML001 (sodium meta arsenite) cytotoxic activity is associated with its binding to telomeric sequences and telomere erosion in prostate cancer cells. Clin. Cancer Res 2008; 14: 4593–4602.
   Google Scholar