The Natural Course of Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Clinical Findings in Upper Extremities of Female Milkers

References

• Statistical Abstract of Sweden. Official Statistics of Sweden. Stock-holm, Sweden, 1991 [in Swedish].
   Google Scholar
• Gustafsson B, et al. Musculoskeletal symptoms in Swedish dairy farmers. Swedish J Agric Res. 1994; 24: 177–88.
   Google Scholar
• Lundqvist P. Working environment in farm buildings. Results of studies in livestock buildings and greenhouses. Thesis, Depart-ment of Farm Buildings, Swedish University of Agricultural Sci-ences, Lund, Sweden, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• sal M, et al. Milking is a high risk job for young females. Scancll Rehab Med. 1996; 28: 95–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brattberg G, et al. The validity of a pain questionnaire for postal surveys. Clin J Pain. 1990; 6: 199–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine 41, et al. Detection of cumulative trauma disorders of upper extremities in the workplace. J Occup Med. 1986; 28: 674–8.
   Google Scholar
• Hagberg M, et al. Is it possible to detect common musculoskeletal disorders with a questionnaire? Hygiea 1989;98:123 [in Swedish].
   Google Scholar
• Hagberg M. Assessing prevalence rates and association of occu-pational musculoskeletal disorders: examination of total sample versus questionnaire positives. In: Sakurai H, et al (eds). Occupa-tional Epidemiology. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomed-ical Devision). National Institute of Occupational Health, Solna, Sweden, 1990 [in Swedish].
   Google Scholar
• Holmström E, Mortiz U. Low back pain correspondence between questionnaire, interview and clinical examination. Scand J Rehab Med. 1991; 23: 119–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• 115gg G, et al. Predictors for occupational discomfort in the neck/shoulder. A longitudinal study on female assembly workers. Arbete och Hdlsa 1990. National Institute of Occupational Health, Solna, Sweden.
   Google Scholar
• Olsson K, et al. An assessment of neck and upper extremity dis-orders by questionnaire and clinical examination. Ergonomics. 1994; 37: 891–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viikari-Juntura E. Neck and upper limb disorders among slaughter-house workers: an epidemiologic and clinical study. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1983;283–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundborg G, Sollerman C. Numb fingers and clinical diagnosis—views of hand surgeons. Läkarddningen. 1984; 81: 3220–3 [ in Swedish].
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arborelius UP, et al. Shoulder load during machine milking. An electromyographic and biomechanical study. Ergonomics. 1986; 12: 1591–607.
   Google Scholar
• Stock SR. Workplace ergonomic factors and the development of musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and upper limbs: a meta-analysis. Arn J Ind Med. 1991; 19: 87–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuorinka I, et al. Standardized Nordic questionnaire for analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Appl Ergon. 1987; 8: 233–7.
   Google Scholar
• Phalen G. The carpal tunnel syndrome, clinical evaluation of 598 hands. Clin Orthop. 1972; 83: 29–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dimberg I, et al. The correlation between work environment and the occurrence of cervicobrachial symptoms. J Occup Med. 1989; 31: 5.
   Google Scholar
• Hagberg M, et al. Impact of occupations and job tasks on carpal tunnel syndrome prevalence. Draft CTS—review. National Insti-tute of Occupational Health, Division of Work Environment Phys-iology, Solna, Sweden; and Department of Epidemiology, UCLA, School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Johansson K, Hagberg M. The identification of the risk concern-ing vibration related hand injuries. The aspects of the validity in questionnaires. Arbete och Halsa, National Institute of Occupa-tional Health, Stockholm, Sweden, 1990; 13: 2–4 [ in Swedish].
   Google Scholar
• Werner CO, et al. Clinical and neurophysiologic characteristics of the pronator syndrome. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 1985; 197: 231–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Werner CO. Lateral elbow pain and posterior interosseous nerve entrapment. Acta Orthop Scand. 1979;suppl 174.
   Google Scholar
• Thorngren KG, Werner CO. Normal grip strength. Acta Orthop Scand. 1979; 50: 255–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falck B, Aarnio P. Left-sided carpal tunnel syndrome in butchers. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1983; 9: 291–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeffer GB, Gelberrnan RH. The carpal tunnel syndrome. In: Clin-ical concepts in Regional Musculoskeletal Illness. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Smith E, et al. Contribution of flexor tendons to carpal tunnel syn-drome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1977; 58: 379–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong TJ, Chaffing DB. Some biomechanical aspects of carpal tunnel syndrome. J Biomech. 1979; 12: 567–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tichauer ER. Some aspects of stress on forearm and hand in in-dustry. J Occup Med. 1966; 8: 63–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Armstrong TJ. Cumulative trauma disorders of the upper limb and identification of work-related factors. In: Millender, Louis, Simmons (eds). Occupational Disorders of the Upper Extremity. New York: Churchill-Livingstone, 1992.
   Google Scholar