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Commentary

Hormesis—Basic, Generalizable, Central to Toxicology and a Method to Improve the Risk-assessment Process

Pages 466-467 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013

References

  • Axelrod D, Burns K, Davis D, Von Larebeke N. “Hormesis"—an inappropriate extrapolation from the specific to the universal. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2004;10;335–9.
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  • Chapman PM. Defining hormesis: comments on Calabrese and Baldwin. Hum Exper Toxicol. 2002; 21: 99–101.
  • Calabrese EJ. FIormesis:form marginalization to mainstream. A caseform hormesis as the default dose-response model in risk assessment. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004; 197: 125–36.
  • Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA. The frequency of U-shaped dose-responses in the toxicological literature. Toxicol Sci. 2001; 62: 330–8
  • Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA. The hormetic dose response model ismore common than the threshold model in toxicology. Toxicol Sci. 2003; 71: 246–50.
  • Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA. Hormesis and high risk groups. Reg. Toxicol Pharmacol. 2002; 35: 414–28.
  • Calabrese EJ, Blain R. The hormesis database; an overview. Tox-icol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2004, in press.
  • Calabrese EJ. Hormetic dose-response relationships in immunology: occurrence, quantitative features of the dose—response, mechanistic foundations and clinical implications. Grit Rev Toxicol. 2004, in press.
  • Calabrese EJ. Cancer biology and hormesis: human tumor cell lines commonly display hormetic (biphasic) dose responses. Grit Rev Toxicol. 2004, in press.
  • Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA. (eds). Scientific foundations of hormesis. Grit Rev Toxicol. 2001;31(4/5):351-695.
  • Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA. (eds). Horrnesis: environmental and biomedical perspectives. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2003;133 (3/4) :213-467.

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