189
Views
273
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Special Contributions

Cadmium-induced Cancers in Animals and in Humans

Pages 202-212 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013

References

  • Hiatt V. Huff J. The environmental impact of cadmium: an overview. Int J Environ Studies. 1975; 7: 277–85.
  • Hammons AS, HuffJ, Braunstein HM., et al Review of the envi-ronmental effects of pollutants: IV. Cadmium. ORNL/EIS-106 and EPA-600/1-78-026. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1978: 274 pp.
  • NTP. Cadmium and cadmium compounds. In: Report on Car-cinogens. 11th ed: U.S. Department of Health and Human Ser-vices, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 2004: 111-42-44.
  • IARC. Cadmium and cadmium compounds. In: Beryllium, cad-mium, mercury, and exposures in the glass manufacturing industry. Working Group views and expert opinions, Lyon, France, 9-16 February 1993. 'ARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 1993; 58: 41–117.
  • ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Cadmium. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1999. 434 pp
  • Huff J. Evaluation of the carcinogenicity of cadmium and cer-tain cadmium compounds. Proc 2nd Int Cadmium Conf, 1980; Cannes, France: Metal Bulletin, London; 1980: 207-10.
  • Waalkes MP. Cadmium carcinogenesis in review. J Inorg Biochem. 2000; 79: 2414.
  • Waalkes MP. Cadmium carcinogenesis. Mutat Res. 2003; 533: 107–20.
  • Waalkes MP, Coogan TP, Barter RA. Toxicological principles of metal carcinogenesis with special emphasis on cadmium. Crit Rev Toxicol. 1992; 22: 175–201.
  • ARB, Air Resources Board, State of California. Staff Report: Initial Statement of Reasons for Proposed Rulemaking. Public Hearing to Consider the Adoption of a Regulatory Amend-ment Identifying Cadmium as a Toxic Air Contaminant. Agenda Item No.: 87-2-1. Scheduled for Consideration: Janu-ary 22, 1987. Release Date: December 5, 1986. http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/toxic_contaminants/html/cadmium.htm.
  • Corrill LS, Huff JE. Occurrence, physiologic effects, and toxic-ity of heavy metals-arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and zinc-in marine biota: an annotated literature collection. Env-iron Health Perspect. 1976; 18: 181–217.
  • Dartmouth. Toxic Metals Research Program. Center for Envi-ronmental Health Sciences. Hanover, NH. http://toxriet.nlm.nih.gov/cgibin/sis/search/f?./temp/-vgmfsk:2. Accessed November 2006.
  • USGS. Minerals Information. Mineral Commodities Summaries. Cadmium. U.S. Geological Survey. 2006. http://minerals.usgs.goy/minerals/pubs/commodity/cadmium.
  • HSDB. Cadmium Compounds. Hazardous Substances Data Bank, National Library of Medicine. November 2006. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/-vginfsk:2.
  • Huff J. Value, validity, and historical development of carcino-genesis studies for predicting and confirming carcinogenic risks to humans. In: Kitchin K (ed). Carcinogenicity Testing, Predicting, 8c Interpreting Chemical Effects. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1999: 21–123.
  • EPA. TRI On-site and Off-site Reported Disposed of or Other-wise Released (in pounds), for Facilities in All Industries, for All Chemicals, U.S., 2004. http://www.epa.gov/tri/topics.htm. Accessed November 2006.
  • Schwartz GG, Reis IM. Is cadmium a cause of human pancre-atic cancer? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prey. 2000; 9: 139–45.
  • Sahmoun AE, Case LD, Jackson SA, Schwartz GG. Cadmium and prostate cancer: a critical epidemiologic analysis. Cancer Invest. 2005; 23: 256–63.
  • Kagawa J. Atmospheric pollution due to mobile sources and effects on human health in Japan. Environ Health Perspect. 1994;102 supp1: 93-9.
  • Achanzar WE, Diwan BA, Liu J, Quader ST, Webber MM, Waalkes MP. Cadmium-induced malignant transformation of human prostate epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 2001; 61: 455–8.
  • Goyer RA, Liu J, Waalkes MP. Cadmium and cancer of prostate and testis. Biometals. 2004; 17: 555–8.
  • Waalkes MP, Anver M, Diwan BA. Carcinogenic effects of cad-mium in the Noble (NBL/Cr) rat: induction of pituitary, tes-ticular, and injection site tumors and intraepithelial prolifera-tive lesions of the dorsolateral prostate. Toxicol Sci. 1999; 52: 154–61.
  • Waalkes MP, Anver MR, Diwan BA. Chronic toxic and carcino-genic effects of oral cadmium in the Noble (NBL/Cr) rat: induction of neoplastic and proliferative lesions of the adrenal, kidney, prostate, and testes. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1999; 58: 199–214.
  • Waalkes MP, Rehm S. Chronic toxic and carcinogenic effects of cadmium chloride in male DBA/2NCr and NES/NCr mice: strain-dependent association with tumors of the hematopoietic system, injection site, liver, and lung. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1994; 23: 21–31.
  • Waalkes MP, Rehm S, Perantoni AO, Coogan TF'. Cadmium exposure in rats and tumours of the prostate. IARC Sci Publ. 1992: 391–400.
  • Waalkes MP, Rehm S, Sass B, Ward JM. Induction of tumours of the haematopoietic system by cadmium in rats. IARC Sci Publ. 1992: 401–4.
  • Heath JC, Daniel MR, Dingle JT, Webb M. Cadmium as a car-cinogen. Nature. 1962; 193: 592–3.
  • Gunn SA, Gould TC, Anderson WA. Cadmium-induced inter-stitial cell tumors in rats and mice and their prevention by zinc. J Nail Cancer Inst. 1963; 31: 745–59.
  • Gunn SA, Gould TC, Anderson WA. Effect of zinc on cancero-genesis by cadmium. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1964; 115: 653–7.
  • Gunn SA, Gould TC, Anderson WA. Comparative study of interstitial cell tumors of rat testis induced by cadmium injection and vascular ligation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1965; 35: 329–37.
  • Haddow A, Roe FJ, Dukes CE, Mitchley BC. Cadmium neopla-sia: sarcomata at the site of injection of cadmium sulphate in rats and mice. Br J Cancer. 1964; 18: 667–73.
  • Kazantzis G, Hanbury VVJ. The induction of sarcoma in the rat by cadmium sulphide and by cadmium oxide. Br J Cancer. 1966; 20: 190–9.
  • Roe FJ, Dukes CE, Cameron KM, Pugh RC, Mitchley BC. Cad-mium neoplasia: testicular atrophy and Leydig cell hyperplasia and neoplasia in rats and mice following the subcutaneous injection of cadmium salts. Br J Cancer. 1964; 18: 674–81.
  • Tomatis L. Comment on methodology and interpretation of results. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1977; 59: 1341–2.
  • Lemen RA, Lee JS, Wagoner JK, Blejer HP. Cancer mortality among cadmium production workers. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1976; 271: 273–9.
  • Takenaka S, Oldiges H, Konig H, Hochrainer D, Oberdorster G. Carcinogenicity of cadmium chloride aerosols in W rats. J Nail Cancer Inst. 1983; 70: 367–73.
  • Loser E. A 2 year oral carcinogenicity study with cadmium on rats. Cancer Lett. 1980; 9: 191–8.
  • Haseman J, Melnick R, Tomatis L, HuffJ. Carcinogenesis bioas-says: study duration and biological relevance. Food Chem Tox-icol. 2001; 39: 739–44.
  • Huff J. Chemicals studied and evaluated in long-term carcino-genesis bioassays by both the Rama.zzini Foundation and the National Toxicology Program: in tribute to Cesare Maltoni and David Rail. Ann NYAcad Sci. 2002; 982: 208–30.
  • Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Minardi F, Maltoni C. Ramazzini Foun-dation cancer program: history and major projects, life-span carcinogenicity bioassay design, chemicals studied, and results. Ann NYAcad Sci. 2002; 982: 26–45.
  • Huff J. Absence of carcinogenic activity in Fischer rats and B6C3F1 mice following 103-week inhalation exposures to toluene. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2003; 9: 138–46.
  • Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Padovani M, Lauriola M, Esposti, D.D. Minardi E Life-time carcinogenicity bioassays of toluene given by stomach tube to Sprague-Dawley rats. Eur J Oncol. 2004; 9: 91–102.
  • Maltoni C, Ciliberti A, Pinto C, Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Menar-ini L. Results of long-term experimental carcinogenicity studies of the effects of gasoline, correlated fuels, and major gasoline aromatics on rats. Ann NYAcad Sci. 1997; 837: 15–52.
  • Johnson MD, Kenney N, Stoica A., et al Cadmium mimics the in vivo effects of estrogen in the uterus and mammary gland. Nat Med. 2003; 9: 1081–4.
  • Schoeters G, Den Hond E, Zuurbier M., et al Cadmium and children: exposure and health effects. Acta Paediatr. 2006; 95 supp1: 50–4.
  • Sorahan T, Lancashire RJ. Lung cancer mortality in a cohort of workers employed at a cadmium recovery plant in the United States: an analysis with detailed job histories. Occup Environ Med. 1997; 54: 194–201.
  • Sorahan T, Lister A, Gilthorpe MS, Harrington JM. Mortality of copper cadmium alloy workers with special reference to lung cancer and non-malignant diseases of the respiratory system, 1946-92. Occup Environ Med. 1995; 52: 804–12.
  • Garcia Sanchez A, Antona JF, Urrutia M. Geochemical prospec-tion of cadmium in a high incidence area of prostate cancer, Sierra de Gata, Salamanca, Spain. Sci Total Environ. 1992; 116: 243–51.
  • van der Gulden JW, Kolk jj, Verbeek AL. Work environment and prostate cancer risk. Prostate. 1995; 27: 250–7.
  • Kolonel LN. Association of cadmium with renal cancer. Cancer. 1976; 37: 1782–7. -
  • Siemiatycki J, Dewar R, Nadon L, Gerin M. Occupational risk factors for bladder cancer: results from a case-control study in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Am J Epidemiol. 1994; 140: 1061–80.
  • Verougstraete V, Lison D, Hotz P. Cadmium, lung and prostate cancer: a systematic review of recent epidemiological data. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2003; 6: 227–55.
  • Sorahan T, Esmen NA. Lung cancer mortality in UK nickel-cad-mium battery workers, 1947-2000. Occup Environ Med. 2004; 61: 108–16.
  • Nawrot T, Plusquin M, Hogervorst J., et al Environmental expo-sure to cadmium and risk of cancer: a prospective population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2006; 7: 119–26.
  • Nordberg GR, Nordberg M. Biological monitoring of cad-mium. In: Clarkson TW, Friberg I, Nordberg G., Sager PR (eds). Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals. New York: Plenum Press, 1988: 151-68.
  • Paschal DC, Burt V, Caudill SP., et al Exposure of the U.S. pop-ulation aged 6 years and older to cadmium: 1988-1994. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2000; 38: 377–83.
  • Zeng X, Jin T, Jiang X, Kong Q_, Ye T, Nordberg GE Effects on the prostate of environmental cadmium exposure-a cross-sec-tional population study in China. Biometals. 2004; 17: 559–65.
  • Il'yasova D, Schwartz GG. Cadmium and renal cancer. Toxicol Appl Pharrnacol. 2005; 207: 179–86.
  • Jarup L. Cadmium overload and toxicity. Nephrol Dial Trans-plant. 2002;17 Suppl 2: 35–9.
  • Ojajarvi IA, Partanen TJ, Ahlbom A., et al Occupational expo-sures and pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med. 2000; 57: 316–24.
  • Kriegel AM, Solirnan AS, Zhang Q., et al Serum cadmium levels in pancreatic cancer patients from the East Nile Delta region of Egypt. Environ Health Perspect. 2006; 114: 113–9.
  • McElroy JA, Shafer MM, Trentham-Dietz A, Hampton JM, New-comb PA. Cadmium exposure and breast cancer risk. J Nail Cancer Inst. 2006; 98: 869–73.
  • Nagata C, Nagao Y, Shibuya C, Kashiki Y Shimizu H. Urinary cadmium and serum levels of estrogens and androgens in post-menopausal Japanese women. Cancer Epidemiol 131omarkers Prey. 2005; 14: 705–8.
  • Key T, Appleby P, Barnes I, Reeves G. Endogenous sex hor-mones and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of nine prospective studies. J Nail Cancer Inst. 2002; 94: 606–16.
  • EPA. Cadmium Compounds. Hazard Summary. Created April 1992; revised January 2000. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/cadmium.htrnl. Accessed November 2006.
  • OEHHA. Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity. Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforce-ment Act of 1986. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, 2005. http:www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/0211051ist.hunl. Accessed November 2006.
  • OEHHA. Public Health Goal for Cadmium in Drinking Water, Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology Branch. Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environ-mental Protection Agency, February 2006.
  • Berlin G, Averbeck D. Cadmium: cellular effects, modifications of biomolecules, modulation of DNA repair and genotoxic consequences (a review). Biochimie. 2006; 88: 1549–59.
  • Waisberg M, Joseph P, Hale B, Beyersmann D. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis. Toxicology. 2003; 192: 95–117.
  • Hengstler JG, Bolrn-Audorff U, Faldum A., et al Occupational exposure to heavy metals: DNA damage induction and DNA repair inhibition prove co-exposures to cadmium, cobalt and lead as more dangerous than hitherto expected. Carcinogene-sis. 2003; 24: 63–73.
  • Hart BA, Potts RJ, Watkin RD. Cadmium adaptation in the lung-a double-edged sword? Toxicology. 2001; 160: 65–70.
  • Qu W, Fuquay R, Sakurai T, Waalkes MP. Acquisition of apop-totic resistance in cadmium-induced malignant transforma-tion: specific perturbation of JNK signal transduction pathway and associated metallothionein overexpression. Mol Carcinog. 2006; 45: 561–71.
  • IARC. Cobalt in hard metals and cobalt sulfate, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide and vanadium pentoxide. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2006 June; 86: 1–294
  • Huff J. Chemicals and cancer in humans: first evidence in exper-imental animals. Environ Health Perspect. 1993; 100: 201–10.
  • Tomatis L. The predictive value of rodent carcinogenicity tests in the evaluation of human risks. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1979; 19: 511–30.
  • Farland WH, Rodan B, Preuss P. Which drugs cause cancer? Cancer bioassays. Against. BMJ. 2005; 331: E389–91.
  • Knight A, Bailey J, Balcombe J. Animal carcinogenicity studies: 1. Poor human predictivity. Ahern Lab Anim. 2006; 34: 19–27.
  • Abelson PH. Exaggerated carcinogenicity of chemicals. Sci-ence. 1992; 256: 1609.
  • Abelson PH. Chemicals: perceptions versus facts. Science. 1994; 264: 183.
  • Landrigan PJ. Carcinogenicity of butadiene. Science. 1992; 257: 1330–1.
  • Rall DP. Carcinogenicity of butadiene. Science. 1992;257:1330; author reply 31.
  • Huff JE, Melnick RL, Solleveld HA, Haseman JK, Powers M, Miller RA. Multiple organ carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in B6C3F1 mice after 60 weeks of inhalation exposure. Science. 1985; 227: 548–9.
  • Melnick RL, Huff J, Chou BJ, Miller RA. Carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in C57BL/6 x C3H Fl mice at low exposure con-centrations. Cancer Res. 1990; 50: 6592–9.
  • Melnick RL, Huff JE. 1,3-Butadiene induces cancer in experi-mental animals at all concentrations from 6.25 to 8000 parts per million. IARC Sci Publ. 1993: 309–22.
  • Matanoski GM, Santos-Burgoa C, Schwartz L. Mortality of a cohort of workers in the styrene-butadiene polymer manufac-turing industry (1943-1982). Environ Health Perspect. 1990; 86: 107–17.
  • Melnick RL, Huff J, Matanoski GM. Carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene. Lancet. 1992; 340: 724–5.
  • NTP. 1,3-Butadiene. In: Report on Carcinogens. 11th ed. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 2004: 111-37-39.
  • Santos-Burgoa C, Matanoski GM, Zeger S, Schwartz L. Lym-phohematopoietic cancer in styrene-butadiene polymerization workers. Am J Epidemiol. 1992; 136: 843–54.
  • Huff J. IARC monographs, industry influence, and upgrading, downgrading, and under-grading chemicals: a personal point of view. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2002; 8: 249–70.
  • Huff J. Industry influences IARC carcinogenesis evaluations. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2003; 9: 83–4.
  • Infante PF. Safeguarding scientific evaluations by governmen-tal agencies: case study of OSHA and the 1,3-butadiene classifi-cation. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2005; 11: 372–7.
  • Sass JB. Industry efforts to weaken the EPA's classification of the carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2005; 11: 378–83.
  • Tomatis L. The IARC monographs program: changing atti-tudes towards public health. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2002; 8: 144–52.
  • IARC. 1,3-Butadiene. In: Re-evaluation of some organic chem-icals, hydrazine, and hydrogen peroxide. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 1999;71 Pt 1: 109–225.
  • Axelson O, Balbus JM, Cohen G, et al. Re: Regulatory Toxicol-ogy and Pharmacology. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2003; 9: 386–9; author reply 89-90.
  • Abelson PH. Health risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1993; 17: 219–23.
  • Huff J, Melnick R, Tomatis L, LaDou J, Teitelbaum D. Trichloroethylene and cancers in humans. Toxicology. 2004; 197: 185–7.
  • Moure-Eraso R. Primary prevention and precaution in hazard identification in the NIEHS/NTP: body in the morgue - approach. Public Health Rep. 2002; 117: 564–73.
  • Huff J. Chemically associated respiratory carcinogenesis in rodents and humans. In: Waalkes MP, Ward JM (eds). Car-cinogenesis. New York: Raven Press, 1994: 199-214.
  • Huff J. Chemicls causally associated with cancers in humans and in laboratory animals: a perfect concordance. In: Waalkes MP, Ward JM (eds). Carcinogenesis. New York: Raven Press, 1994: 25-37.
  • Fung VA, Barrett JC, HuffJ. The carcinogenesis bioassay in per-spective: application in identifying human cancer hazards. Env-iron Health Perspect. 1995; 103: 680–3.
  • Fung VA, Huff J, Weisburger EK, Hod l DG. Predictive strategies for selecting 379 NCl/NTP chemicals evaluated for carcino-genic potential: scientific and public health impact. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993; 20: 413–36.
  • Waalkes MP, Infante P, Huff J. The scientific fallacy of route specificity of carcinogenesis with particular reference to cad-mium. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1994; 20: 119–21.
  • Sanner T, Dybing E. Comparison of carcinogen hazard charac-terization based on animal studies and epidemiology. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005; 96: 66–70.
  • Melnick RL, Kamel F, Huff J. Declaring chemicals “not car-cinogenic to humans” requires validation, not speculation. Environ Health Perspect. 2003; 111: A203–4.
  • Tomatis L, Huff J. Evolution of cancer etiology and primary prevention. Environ Health Perspect. 2001;109A458-60.
  • Tomatis L, HuffJ. Evolution of research on cancer etiology. In: Coleman WB, Tsongalis GJ, (eds). The Molecular Basis of Human Cancer: Genomic Instability and Molecular Mutation Neoplastic Transformation. Totowa, NY: Humana Press, 2002: 189-201.
  • Hill AB. The environment and disease: association or causa-tion? Proc R Soc Med. 1965; 58: 295–300.
  • Castleman B. Global corporate policies and international “double standards” in occupational and environmental health. Int J Occup Environ Health. 1999; 5: 61–4.
  • Castleman BI. Controversies at international organizations over asbestos industry influence. Int J Health Serv. 2001; 31: 193–202.
  • Castleman BI, Lemen RA. The manipulation of international scientific organizations. Int J Occup Environ Health. 1998; 4: 53–5.
  • Epstein SS, Ashford N, Castleman B, Mazzocchi A, Young QD. The crisis in U.S. and international cancer policy. Epidemiol Prey. 2003; 27: 175–7.
  • LaDou J. Occupational health in industrializing countries. Occup Med. 2002; 17: 349–54, iii.
  • LaDou J. International occupational health. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2003; 206: 303–13.
  • LaDou J. World Trade Organization, ILO conventions, and workers' compensation. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2005; 11: 210–1.
  • Tickner JA. Commentary: barriers and opportunities to chang-ing the research agenda to support precaution and primary prevention. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2004; 17: 163–73.
  • Tomatis L, Melnick RL, Haseman J, Barrett JC, HuffJ. Alleged misconceptions' distort perceptions of environmental cancer risks. Faseb J. 2001; 15: 195–203.
  • Grandjean P. Implications of the precautionary principle for primary prevention and research. Annu Rev Public Health. 2004; 25: 199–223.
  • Tomatis L, Huff J, Hertz-Picciotto I., et al Avoided and avoid-able risks of cancer. Carcinogenesis. 1997; 18: 97–105.
  • Kellen E, Zeegers MP, Hond ED, Buntinx F. Blood cadmium may be associated with bladder carcinogenesis: the Belgian case-control study on bladder cancer. Cancer Detect Prey, 2007; 31: 77–82.
  • Somji S, Zhou XD, Garrett SH, Sens MA, Sens DA. Urothelial cells malignantly transformed by exposure to cadmium (Cd (+2) ) and arsenite (As (+3)) have increased resistance to Cd(+2) and As(+3)-induced cell death. Toxicol Sci. 2006; 94: 293–301.
  • Sens DA, Park S, Gurel V, Sens MA, Garrett SH, Somji S. Inor-ganic cadmium- and arsenite-induced malignant transforma-tion of human bladder urothelial cells. Toxicol Sci. 2004; 79: 56–63.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.