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Commentary

A Moral History of the Evolution of a Caste of Doctors: The Issue of Trust and the Public Health Model

Pages 68-78 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013

References

  • Plato. Laws IV 720. Jowett, trans. Dialogues of Plato. New York: Random House, 1937: 19.
  • See Samuels SW. A moral history of the evolution of a caste of workers. Environ Health Perspect. 1996; 105: 991–7.
  • Bailar JC. How to distort the scientific record without actually lying: truth and the arts of science Eur J Oncol. 2006;11::217.
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  • Samuels SW. Moral questions of occupational and environmental medicine. In: Rom WN (ed). Environmental and Occupa-tional Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007: 1801–13.
  • Samuels SW. A. T. Still: The Roots of Osteopathy. Proceedings. Annual Meeting of the American Osteopathic Historical Society, Kansas City, MO, 1958. [Unpublished presentation]
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  • For an empirical validation of Darwin's interpretation, read Richter ED, et al. Malthusian pressures, genocide and ecocide. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2007; 13: 331–41.
  • Warne FJ Labor in the mining industry. The Annals, Philadel-phia, PA: American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1903.
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  • Cf. Samuels SW Occupational medicine and its moral discontents. J Occup Environ Med. 2003; 45: 1226–33.
  • Memorandum. Oregon DEQ to State Rep. J. Kropf. December 17, 2001.
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  • The language in quotes is taken from a long note the respon-dent wrote on the back of the one-page questionnaire he returned, was stated again in the open meeting, and was con-firmed in private interview.
  • Henrik Ibsen's Enemy of the People, written more than a century ago, has yet to lose its relevance to the practice of environmen-tal medicine. During the Executive Board meeting and the open meeting focus groups, participants continually expressed fear of the impact on the viability of the plant of “doing some-thing about all this cancer."
  • See No Cancer Alarms. Editorial, Albany Democrat-Herald, April 21, 2002. The turncoat in Ibsen's play was the newspaper editor!
  • Draper E. The Company Doctor: Risk, Responsibility, and Corpo-rate Professionalism. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003.
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  • See Selikoff IJ, Hammond EC (eds). Brain Tumors in the Chem-ical Industry. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1982.
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  • The materials from Mrs. Greco, Mrs. Shea, and Mr. Richard Gross were sent as emails over the past six months.
  • Samuels SW. Communicating risks to workers: history and ethics. In: Tinker TZ, Pavlova MT, Gotsch AR, Arkin EB, editors. Communicating Risk in a Changing World. Solomons Island/ Beverly Farms: The Ramazzini Institute/OEM Press; 1998.
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  • During a public meeting in Washington on NTP, soon after Dr. Rail retired, the industry attempted a concurrent, undermining press conference in the Humphrey Building where the NIEHS meeting was taking place. They were evicted by the simple threat of calling the GSA police since they had no permit to con-duct a protest “press briefing” in a public building.

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