59
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Southern Comfort?: Exploring Regional Differences in the Relationship Between Fan Identification and Sense of Community Among College Students

Pages 249-272 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013

References

  • Anderson, D. F., & Stone, G. P. (1981). Sport: A search for community. In S. L. Greendorfer & A. Yiannakis (Eds.), Sociology of sport: Diverse perspectives. (164–172). West Point, NY: Leisure.
  • Artinger, L., Clapham, L., Hunt, C., Meigs, M., Milord, N., Sampson, B., & Forrester, S.A. (2006). The social benefits of intramural sports. NASPA Journal, 43(1), 69–86.
  • Babbie, E.R. (1990). Survey research methods (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Barron, R.M. & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
  • Bean, J.P. & Bradley, R.K. (1986). Untangling the satisfaction - performance relationship for college students. Journal of Higher Education, 57(4), 393–412.
  • Beyer, J.M. & Hannah, D.R. (2000). The cultural significance of athletics in U.S. higher education. Journal of Sport Management, 14(2), 105–132.
  • Borucki, W. (2003). ‘You’re Dixie’s football pride’: American college football and the resurgence of southern identity. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 10, 477–494.
  • Boyer, E.L. (1987). College: The undergraduate experience in America. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
  • Boyer, E.L. (1990). Campus life: In search of community. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
  • Bradley, N. (1999). Sampling for internet surveys. An examination of respondent selection for internet research. Journal of the Market Research Society, 41(4), 387–395.
  • Branscombe, N.R. & Wann, D.L. (1991). The positive social and self-concept consequences of sports team identification. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 15(2), 115–127.
  • Brown, R. (2000). Social identity theory: Past achievements, current problems, and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 745–778.
  • Cady, E.H. (1978). The big game: College sports and American life. The University of Tennessee Press: Knoxville.
  • Chavis, D.M. & Newbrough, J.R. (1986). The meaning of ‘community’ in community psychology. Journal of Community Psychology, 14(4), 335–340.
  • Cialdini, R.B., Borden, R.J., Thorne, R.J., Walker, M.R., Freeman, S., Sloan, L.R. (1976). Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 366–375.
  • Clopton, A.W. (2007). Predicting a sense of community amongst students from the presence of intercollegiate athletics: What roles do gender and BCS-affiliation play in the relationship? The Sport Management and Related Topics (SMART) Journal, 4(1), 95–110.
  • Cook, C., Heath, F., & Thomson, R. (2000). A meta-analysis of response rates in web- or internet-based surveys. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(6), 621–626.
  • Cronbach, L.J. & Gleser, G.C. (1965). Psychological tests and personnel decisions, 2nd Ed. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
  • DeVries, R.E. (2003). Self, ingroup, and outgroup evaluation: Bond or breach? European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 609–621.
  • Dey, E.L. (1997). Working with low survey response rates: The efficacy of weighting adjustments. Research in Higher Education, 38(2), 215–227.
  • Dey, E.L. & Hurtado, S. (1994). College Students in Changing Contexts. In P.G. Altbach, R.O. Berdahl, P.J. Gumport, (Eds.). Higher education in American society, 3rd Ed. (249–268). Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books.
  • Duderstadt, J.J. (2003). Intercollegiate Athletics and the American University: A University President’s Perspective. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press
  • Doyle, A. (1994). ‘Causes won, not lost’: College football and the modernization of the American South. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 11(2), 231–251.
  • Dyreson, M. (2001). Maybe it’s better to bowl alone: Sport, community, and democracy in American thought. Culture, Sport, Society, 4(1), 19–30.
  • Eitzen, D.S. & Sage, G. (2003). Sociology of North American sport. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
  • End, C.M., Kretschmar, J.M., Dietz-Uhler, B. (2004). College students’ participations of sports fandom as a social status determinant. International Sports Journal, 8 (1), 114–123.
  • Foels, R. (2006). Ingroup favoritism and social self-esteem in minimal groups: Changing a social categorization into a social identity. Current Research in Social Psychology, 12(3), 38–53.
  • Foels, R. & Tomcho, T.J. (2005). Gender, interdependent self-construals, and collective self esteem: Women and men are mostly the same. Self and Identity, 4, 213–225.
  • Fowler, F.J., Jr. (2001). Survey research methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Gaertner, S.L., Dovidio, J.F., Rust, M.C., Nier, J.A., Banker, B.S., Ward, C.M., Mottola, G.R., & Houlette, M. (1999). Reducing intergroup bias: Elements of intergroup cooperation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(3), 388–402.
  • George, S.L. (2001 ). Boyer’s principles of community: Factors that connect students to a university. Dissertation Abstracts International. 62 (12A). ISBN: 0–493–49890–7.
  • Griffin, L.J. (2004 ). Whiteness and southern identity in the mountain and lowland south. Journal of Appalachian Studies, 10(1–2), 7–37.
  • Groves, R.M. (1989). Survey errors and survey costs. New York: Wiley.
  • Groves, R.M., Cialdini, R.B., & Cooper, M.P. (1992). Understanding the decision to participate in a survey. Public Opinion Quarterly, 56, 475–495.
  • Hogg, M.A. & Abrams, D. (1990 ). Social identity and social cognition: Historical background and current trends. In D.Abrams & M.A. Hogg (Eds.). Social Identity and Social Cognition. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Iso-Ahola, S.E. & Hatfield, B. (1986). Psychology of sports: A social psychological approach. Dubuque, IA: Brown.
  • Keyes, R. (1973). We, the lonely people: Seeking for community. New York: Harper and Row.
  • Kuh, G.D. (1995). The other curriculum: Out-of-class experiences associated with student learning and personal development. The Journal of Higher Education, 66 (2), 123–155.
  • Laverie, D.A. & Arnett, D.B. (2000). Factors affecting fan attendance: The influence of identity salience and satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 32(2), 225–246.
  • Lever, J. (1983). Soccer madness. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Lindner, J.R., Murphy, T.H., & Briers, G.H. (2001). Handling nonresponse in social science research. Journal of Agricultural Education, 42(4), 43–53.
  • Lounsbury, J.W. & DeNeui, D. (1995). Psychological sense of community on campus. College Student Journal, 29(3), 270–277.
  • Lounsbury, J.W. & DeNeui, D. (1996). Collegiate psychological sense of community in relation to size of college/university and extroversion. Journal of Community Psychology, 24 (4), 381–394.
  • Maxwell, J.A. (1996). Qualitative research design. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • McDonald, W.M. (2002). Creating campus community: In search of Ernest Boyer’s legacy. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • McMillan, D.W. & Chavis, D.M. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 6–23.
  • Mehta, R. & Sivadas, E. (1995). Comparing response rates and response content in mail versus electronic mail surveys. Journal of the Market Research Society, 37, 429–439.
  • Mitrano J, & Smith, R. (1990). The social emotional functions of sport and the maintenance of community: Hurricane Hugo and Horse racing in St. Croix. Arena Review, 14, 47–58.
  • Murrell, A.J. & Dietz, B. (1992). Fan support of sport teams: The effect of a common group identity. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14, 28–39.
  • Ogden, D. (1999 ). A sports sociological perspective: Gender and sense of community of spectators of professional baseball. Dissertation, University of Nebraska.
  • Pascarella, E.T. & Terenzini, P.T. (1980). Predicting freshman persistence and voluntary dropout decisions from a theoretical model. The Journal of Higher Education, 51(1), 60–75.
  • Platow, M.J., Durante, M., Willimas, N., Garrett, M., Walshe, J., Cincotta, S., Lianos, G., and Barutchu, A. (1999). The contribution of sport fan social identity to the production of prosocial behavior. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3(2), 161–169.
  • Preacher, K.J. & Hayes, A.F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(4), 717–731.
  • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York, New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Reingold, B. & Wike, R.S. (1998). Confederate symbols, southern identity, and racial attitudes: The case of the Georgia state flag. Social Science Quarterly, 79(3), 568–580.
  • Reed, J.S. (2001). ‘The cardinal test of a southerner’: Not race but geography. Public Opinion Quarterly, 37, 232–240.
  • Sandeen, A. (2003). Enhancing student engagement on campus. New York, New York: University Press of America.
  • Sarason, S.B. (1974). The psychological sense of community: Prospects for a community psychology. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Schlenker, B.R. (1980). Impression management: The self-concept, social identity, and interpersonal relations. Monterrey, CA: Brooks/Cale.
  • Schuldt, B.A. & Totten, J.W. (1994). Electronic mail versus mail survey response rates. Marketing Research, 6(1), 36 -39.
  • Schurr, K. T., Ruble, V. E., & Ellen, A. (1985). Myers-Briggs type indicator and demographic characteristics of students attending and not attending a college basketball game. Journal of Sport Behavior, 8, 181–194.
  • Schurr, K. T., Wittig, A. F., & Ruble, V. E. (1988). Demographic and personality characteristics associated with persistent, occasional, and non-attendance of university basketball games. Journal of Sport Behavior, 11, 3–17.
  • Schurr, K.T., Wittig, A.F., Ruble, V.E., Henriksen, L.W. (1993). College graduation rates of student athletes and students attending college male basketball games: A case study. Journal of Sport Behavior, 16 (1), 33–43.
  • Selingo, J. (2003, February 28). The disappearing state in public higher education: When the recession ends, appropriations may not rebound. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 49(25).
  • Shannon, D.M. & Bradshaw, C.C. (2002). A comparison of response rate, response time, and costs of mail and electronic surveys. The Journal of Experimental Education, 70(2), 179–192.
  • Sheehan, K.B. & Hoy, M.G. (1999). Flaming, complaining, abstaining: How online users respond to privacy concerns. Journal of Advertising, 28(3), 37–51.
  • Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology 1982 (pp.290–312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Somers, D. (1972). The rise of sports in New Orleans: 1850–1900. Baton Rouge: The Louisiana State University Press.
  • Sperber, M. (2000). Beer and circus: How big-time college sports is crippling undergraduate education. New York: Henry Holt.
  • Sperber, M. (1998). Onward to victory: The crisis that shaped college sports. New York: Henry Holt.
  • Spitzberg Jr., I. J., & Thorndike, V.V. (1992). Creating community on college campuses. State University of New York Press. Albany, New York.
  • Strange, C.C. & Banning, J.H. (2002). Educating by design: creating campus learning environments that work. Jossey Bass: San Francisco, CA.
  • Stryker, S. (1980). Symbolic interactionism: A socio-structural version. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin /Cummings.
  • Sylvester, M.J. & Witosky, T. (2004, February 18). Athletic spending grows as academic funds dry up. USA Today, p.A1.
  • Tajfel, H. (1978 ). The achievement of group differentiation. In H.Tafel (Ed.), Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. London: Academic Press.
  • Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tajfel, H. & Turner, J.C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In Worchel, S. & Austin, L.W. (Eds.) Psychology and Intergroup Relations. Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall.
  • Toma, J. D. (1999 ). The collegiate ideal and the tools of external relations: The uses of high-profile intercollegiate athletics. New Directions for Higher Education. No. 105. Jossey-Bass Publishers. 81 - 90.
  • Toma, J. D. (2003). Football u: Spectator sports in the life of the American university. The University of Michigan Press; Ann Arbor, Michigan.
  • Toma, J. D. & Cross, M.E. (1998). Intercollegiate athletics and student college choice: Exploring the impact of championship seasons on undergraduate applications. Research in Higher Education. 39(6). 633 - 646.
  • Tse, A.C.B., Tse, K.C., Yin, C.H., Ting, B.C., Yi, K.W., Yee, K.P., & Hong, W.C. (1995). Comparing two methods of sending out questionnaires: E-mail versus mail. Journal of the Market Research Society, 37, 441 - 446.
  • Turner, J.C. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell.
  • Wade, B.K. (1991). A profile of the real world of undergraduate students and how they spend discretionary time. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Chicago). (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 333776).
  • Wann, D.L. & Branscombe, N.R. (1990). Die-hard and fair-weather fans: Effects of identification on BIRGing and CORFing tendencies. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 14(2). 103–117.
  • Wann, D.L. & Branscombe, N.R. (1993 ). Sports fans: Measuring degree of identification with their team. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24. 1–17.
  • Wann, D.L., Melnick, M.J., Russell, G.W., Pease, D.G. (2001). Sport fans: The psychology and social impact of spectators. New York: Routledge.
  • Wann, D.L. & Robinson III, T.N. (2002). The relationship between sport team identification and integration into and perceptions of a university. International Sports Journal, 6 (1), 36–44.
  • Wann, D.L. & Somerville, D.J. (2000). The relationship between university sport team identification and alumni contributions. International Sports Journal, 4(1), 138–144.
  • Wilkerson, M. & Doddler, R.A. (1987). Collective conscience and sport in modern society: An empirical test of a model. Journal of Leisure Research, 19(1 ), pp.35 –/40.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.