Works Cited
- Ansell, A. E. (1997). New right, new racism: Race and reaction in the United States and Britain. New York: New York University Press.
- Associated Press, (2004, July 22). Yankee fans boo Delgado for Iraq war protest. MSNBC.com. Accessed September 18, 2007 from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5481503/
- Bass, A. (2002). Not the triumph but the struggle: 1968 Olympics and the making of the black athlete. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Birrell, S., & McDonald, M. (Eds.). (2000). Reading sport: Critical essays on power and representation. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
- Bonilla-Silva, E. (2003). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
- Candaele, K., & Drier, P. (2004, June 28). Where are the jocks for justice? The Nation,i278 (25), 21–25.
- Collins, P. H. (2004). Black sexual politics: African Americans, gender and the new racism. New York: Routledge.
- Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y. (Eds.). (2005). The Sage handbook of qualitative research, 3rd edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
- Edwards, H. (1969). The revolt of the black athlete. New York: Free Press.
- Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
- Freedom fight: Curt Flood (breaking barriers). Houston Chronicle. Accessed May 17, 2006 from http://www.chron.com/content/chronicle/sports/special/barriers/flood.html
- Freemen, M. (2006). Jim Brown: The fierce life of an American hero. New York: William Morrow.
- Gray, H. (2005). Cultural moves: African Americans and the politics of representation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Hartman, D. (2003). Race, culture, and the revolt of the black athlete: The 1968 Olympic protests and their aftermath. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Hartman, D. (2007 ). Rush Limbaugh, Donovan McNabb, and “a little social concern” : Reflections on the problems of whiteness in contemporary American sport. Journal of Sport & Social Issues,i31 (1), 45–60.
- Kidd, B., & Donnelly, P. (2000 ). Human rights in Sports. International Review for the Sociology of Sport,i35 (2), 131–148.
- King, C. R. (forthcoming). Me and Bonnie Blair: Shani Davis, racial myths, and the reiteration of the facts of blackness. In D. Leonard (Ed.), Thugs and dollar signs: New racism and the imagined black athlete.
- King, C. R., & Springwood, C. F. (2001). Beyond the cheers: Race as spectacle in college sports. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- Kusz, K. W. (2001 ). “I want to be the minority”: The politics of youthful white masculinities in sport and popular culture in 1990s America. Journal of Sport and Social Issues,i25 (4), 390–416.
- Knott, T. (2003, December). Blowing smoke: Rasheed Wallace accuses NBA of exploitation. The Washington Times, p. C1.
- Jayne, G. (2003, March 9). Athletes don’t take a stand like they once did. Columbian, p. B1.
- Jackson, S. (2006, February). Etan Thomas’ voice is one worth listening to. ESPN.com Accessed July 22, 2007 from http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/blackhistory/news/story?id=2343032
- Leonard, D. J. (2008). “Death is a slave’s freedom:” Curt Flood and the fight against baseball, history, and white supremacy. In J. Rosen & D. Ogden (Eds.), Reconstructing fame: Sports, race, and evolving reputations. The redemtion of once-tainted public personas and what it means for today’s athletes (pp. 31–47). Jackson, MS: University of Mississippi Press.
- Leonard, D. J. (2006). A world of criminals or a media construction?: Race, gender, celebrity and the athlete/criminal discourse. In A. Raney & J. Bryant (Eds.), Handbook of sports and media (pp. 523–542). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Leonard, D. (2004, August). The next MJ or the next OJ? Kobe Bryant, race and the absurdity of colorblind rhetoric. Journal of Sport and Social Issuesi28 (3), 284–313.
- Leshanski, J. (2003, May 28). What every baseball fan should know: The Curt Flood case part 1. Accessed March 14, 2006 from http://www.athomeplate.com/flood.shtml
- Mathis, G. (2004, August 18). Where is today’s Muhammad Ali? New Pittsburgh Courier, p. A7.
- Miklasz, B. (1992, May 17). In LA’s wake, should athletes take a stand? St Louis Post-Dispatch, p. 1F,
- Powell, J. (2007, February 3). Severed from the struggle. News and Observer, p. C1.
- Rhoden, W. (2006, August 25). Sports of the times: A kick for Marbury: Hot shoes, cool price. The New York Times, p. D1.
- Rhoden, W. (2006). Forty million dollar slaves: The rise, fall, and redemption of the black athlete. New York: Crown Publishers.
- Rubenstein, S. (2004, June 16). Rasheed Wallace—From exile to the top of the world. Buzle.com. Accessed July 22, 2007 from http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/6–16 -2004-55534.asp
- Saraceno, J. (2003, October 19). Sapp’s, act ceases to be amusing. USA Today. Accessed July 22, 2007 from http://www.usatoday.com/sports/columnist/saraceno/2003–10 -19-saraceno_x.htm
- St. Louis, B. (2004 ) Sport and common-sense racial science. Leisure Studiesi23 (1), 31–46.
- Spencer, N. E. (2004 ). Sister act VI: Venus and Serena Williams at Indian Wells: “Sincere fictions” and white racism. Journal of Sport & Social Issuesi28 (2), 115–135.
- Strauwosky, E. J. (2007 ). “You know, we are all Indian”: Exploring white power and privilege in reactions to the NCAA Native American mascot policy. Journal of Sport & Social Issues,i31 (1), 61–76.
- Stein, M. (2003, March 20). Nash not backpedaling from anti-war stance. ESPN.com.
- Accessed September 25, 2007 from http://espn.go.com/nba/columns/stein_marc/1527038.html
- Tafur, V. (2003, March 25). Nash Speaks Mind Against War in Iraq. Oakland Tribune. Accessed September 25, 2007 from http://www.common-dreams.org/headlines03/0325–09. htm
- Zirin, D. (2007, May 17). Being Ali or being owned: An open letter to LeBron. Edge of Sports. Accessed July 22, 2007 from http://www.edgeofsports.com/2007–05 -17-251/index.html
- Zirin, D. (2006, December 1). Athletic rebels: Organizing the jocks for justice. Counter Punch. Accessed July 22, 2007 from http://www.counterpunch.org/zirin12012006.html
- Zirin, D. (2006, November 10). NBA nirvana: When players get political. Edge of Sports. Accessed July 22, 2007 http://www.edgeofsports.com/2006–11 -10-207/index.html
- Zirin, D. (2006, September 24). The Marbury question: Sneakers for social justice? Edge of Sports. Accessed July 22, 2007 from http://www.edgeof-sports.com/2006–09 -24-200/index.html
- Zirin, D. (2005, October 20). When fists are frozen: The statue of Tommie Smith and John Carlos. Common Dreams. Accessed July 22, 2007 from http://www.commondreams.org/views05/1020–28. htm
- Zirin, D. (2005, May 10). Steve Nash’s Brilliant Year: Anti-War Hoopster Wins NBA’s MVP. Counter Punch. Accessed September 25, 2007 from http://www.counterpunch.org/zirin05102005.html Zirin, D. (2004, April). An interview with Toni Smith. Z Magazine. Accessed July 22, 2007 from http://zmagsite.zmag.org/Apr2004/zirin0404.html
- Zirin, D. (2004, September 26). Rock and rap confidential. Znet. Accessed July 22, 2007 from http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=6304