119
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Success Despite the Image

Pages 297-324 | Published online: 19 Jul 2013

References

  • Adler, P. A. & Adler, P. (1991). Backboards and blackboards: College athletics and role engulfment. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Anderson, A. & South, D. (2000). Racial differences in collegiate recruiting, retention, and graduation rates. In D. Brooks & R. Althouse (Eds), Racism in college athletics: the African American athlete’s experience (2nd ed.) (pp. 155–169). Morganstown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, Inc.
  • Bilberry, D. (2000). The myth of athletics and educational opportunity. In J. R. Gerdy (Ed.), Sports in school: The future of an institution (pp. 91–101). New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Brooks, D., & Althouse, R. (2000). Fifty years after Jackie Robinson: Equal access but unequal outcome. In D. Brooks & R. Althouse (Eds.), Racism in college athletics: The African American athlete’s experience (2nd ed.) (pp. 307–320). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, Inc.
  • Brooks, D., & Althouse, R. (2007). Diversity and social justice in college sports: Sport management and the student athlete. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
  • Brown, T. N., Jackson, J. S., Brown, K. T., Sellers, R. M., Keipers, S., & Manuel, W. J. (2003). There’s no race on the playing field: Perceptions of racial discrimination among white and black athletes. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 27(2), 162–183.
  • Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
  • Coakley, J. J. (2004). Sports in society: Issues & controversies (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
  • Comeaux, E. (2005). Environmental predictors of academic achievement among student-athletes in the revenue-producing sports of men’s basketball and football. The Sport Journal, 8(3 ). (ISSN: 1543–9518).
  • Comeaux, E. & Harrison, C. K. (2007, July). Faculty and male student-ath- letes in American higher education: Racial differences in the environmental predictors of academic achievement. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 10 (2), 199–214.
  • Conchas, G. Q. (2006). The color of success: Race and high achieving urban youth. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Conchas, G. Q. & Noguera, P. A. (2004). Understanding the exceptions: How small schools support the achievement of academically successful Black boys. In Niobe Way & Judy Y. Chu (Eds.), Adolescent boys: Exploring diverse culture of boyhood, (pp. 317–337). New York: New York University Press.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Davis, P. (1989). Law as microaggression. Yale Law Journal, 98, 1559–1577.
  • Davis, T. (1995a). Racism in athletics: Subtle yet persistent. University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review, 21(4) 881–900.
  • Davis, T. (1995b). The myth of the superspade: The persistence of racism in college athletics. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 22, 615–698.
  • Donner, J. (2005). Toward an interest-convergence in the education of African-American football student athletes in major college sports. Race Ethnicity and Education, 8(1), 45–67.
  • Edwards, H. (1969). The revolt of the Black athlete. New York: Free Press.
  • Edwards, H. (1979). Sport within the veil: The triumphs, tragedies, and challenges of Afro-American involvement. Annals, AAPSS, 445, 116–128.
  • Edwards, H. (1984). The Black “dumb jock”: An American sports tragedy. College Board Review, 131, 8–13.
  • Farrey, T. (2009). Seminoles helped by LD diagnosis. Retrieved March 30, 2010 from http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/otl/news/story?id=4737281.
  • Gaston-Gayles, J. L. & Hu, S. (2009). The influence of student engagement and sport participation on college outcomes among Division I student athletes. Journal of Higher Education, 80(3), 315–333.
  • Glesne, C. (2006). Becoming a qualitative researcher: An introduction (3rd ed.). New York: Pearson /Allyn Bacon Press.
  • Harrison, C. K. (1998). Themes that thread through society: Racism and athletic manifestation in the African American community. Race, Ethnicity, and Education, 1(1), 63–74.
  • Harrison. C. K. (2001, February). Black athletes’ success transcends biomechanics. Biomechanics, 73–81.
  • Harrison, C. K. (2004). “The score”: A hiring report card for NCAA division IA and IAA football head coaching positions. Hiring report card no. 1 (2003–04). Indianapolis, IN: Black Coaches Association. Retrieved August 4, 2005, from http://www2.ncaa.org/index_coach.php
  • Harrison, C. K., Stone, J., Shapiro, J. A., Yee, S., Boyd, J. & Rullan, V. (2009). The role of gender, identity priming, and task difficulty on the experience of identity threat among college student-athletes. Journal of Sport and Social Issues. 33(1), 78–96.
  • Harrison, L., Jr. (2001). Understanding the influence of stereotypes: Implications for the African American in sport and physical activity. Quest, 53, 97–114.
  • Harrison, L., Jr., Azzarito, L., & Burden, J., Jr. (2004). Perceptions of athletic superiority: A view from the other side. Race, Ethnicity, and Education, 7, 149–166.
  • Hill, R. B. (1972). The strength of Black families. New York: Emerson Hall Publishers, Inc.
  • Hodge, S. R., Burden, J. W., Robinson, L. E., & Bennett, R. A. (2008). Theorizing on the stereotyping of black male student-athletes. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 2(2): 203–226.
  • Hodge, S. R., Harrison, L., Burden, J. W., & Dixson, A. D. (2008). Brown in black and White. Then and now a question of educating or sporting African American males in America. American Behavioral Scientist, 51, 928–952.
  • Hutchinson, E. O. (1996). The assassination of the black male image. New York: Simon & Schuster.
  • Jefferson, S. (1998). Pro bound: Do you have what it takes to become a professional athlete? Queens Village, NY: Author.
  • Johnson, D., Hallinan, C., & Westerfield, C. (1999). Picturing success: Photographs and stereotyping in men’s collegiate basketball. Journal of Sport Behavior, 22, 45–53.
  • Lapchick, R. (1996). Sport in society: Equal opportunity or business as usual. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Lapchick, R. (2003). Racial and gender report card. University of Central Florida. Orlando, FL: The Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport.
  • Lawrence, C. R. (1987). The id, the ego, and equal protection: Reckoning with unconscious racism. Stanford Law Review, 39 (2): 317–388.
  • Lawrence, S. M. (2005). African American athletes’ experiences of race in sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 40, 99–110.
  • Leonard, M. (1989). Sociological Perspective of Sport. Minneapolis, MN: Burgess Press.
  • Littlejohn-Blake, S. M. & Darling, C. A. (1993). Understanding the strengths of African American families. Journal of Black Studies, 23 (4): 460–471.
  • Martin, B. E., & Harris, F. (2006). Examining productive conceptions of masculinities: Lessons learned from academically driven African American male student-athletes. Journal of Men’s Studies; 14(3): 359–378
  • Martin, B. E., Harrison, C. K., Stone, J. & Lawrence, S. M. (2010). Athletic voices and academic victories: African American male student-athlete experiences in the Pac-Ten. Journal of Sport and Social Issues. 34(2): 131–153
  • Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Nardi, P. M. (2006). Doing survey research. A guide to quantitative methods (3rd edition). New York: Pearson Inc.
  • National Collegiate Athletic Association (2010). Student-athlete ethnicity: 1999–2000 to 2008–2009. NCAA student-athlete ethnicity report. Indianapolis, IN: NCAA.
  • Padilla, A. & Baumer, D. (1994). Big-time college sports: management and economic Issues. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 18(2), 123–143.
  • Pierce, C., Carew, J., Pierce-Gonzalez, D., & Wills, D. (1978). An experiment in racism: TV commercials. In C. Pierce (Ed.), Television and education (pp. 62–88). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Rada, J. A. (1996). Color blind-sided: Racial bias in network television’s coverage of professional football games. The Howard Journal of Communication, 7, 231–239.
  • Reese, R. (1998). The socio-political context of the integration of sport in America. Journal of African American Men, 3(4), 5–22.
  • Ross v. Creighton University, 740 F. Supp. 1319, 1329 (N.D. Ill. 1990).
  • Sailes, G. A. (1991). The myth of black sports supremacy. Journal of Black Studies, 21(4): 480–487.
  • Sailes, G. A. (1993). An investigation of campus stereotypes: The myth of Black athletic superiority and the dumb jock stereotypes. Sociology of Sport Journal, 10, 88–97.
  • Sailes, G. A. (1998a). The African American athlete: Social myths and stereotypes. In G. A. Sailes (Ed.), African Americans in sport: Contemporary themes (pp. 183–198 ). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
  • Sailes, G. A. (1998b ). The case against NCAA proposition 48. In G. A. Sailes (Ed.), African Americans in sport: Contemporary themes (pp. 133–144 ). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
  • Samson, J. & Yerles, M. (1988). Racial differences in sport performance. Canadian Journal of Sport Science, 13, (2), 109–116.
  • Scheurich, J. J. (1993). Toward a white discourse on white racism. Educational Researcher, 22(8), 5–10.
  • Scheurich, J. J., & Young, M. D. (1997). Coloring epistemologies: Are our research epistemologies racially biased? Educational Researcher, 26(4), 4–16.
  • Sellers, R. M. (2000 ). African American student athletes: opportunity or exploitation? In D. Brooks & R. Althouse (Eds.) Racism in college athletics: the African American athlete’s experience (2nd ed.) (pp.133–154). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
  • Sellers, R. M., Chavous, T. M., & Brown, T. N. (2002). Uneven playing field. The impact of structural barriers on the initial eligibility of African American student-athletes. In S. Ball-Rokeach, M. Gatz, & M. Messner (Eds.), A sporting chance: Youth and sport in urban settings. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
  • Singer, J. N. (2005a). Addressing epistemological racism in sport management research. Journal of Sport Management, 19(4), 464–479.
  • Singer, J. N. (2005b). Understanding racism through the eyes of African American male student-athletes. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 8(4), 365–386.
  • Solôrzano, D. G., Ceja, M., & Yosso, T. (2000). Critical race theory, racial microaggressions, and campus racial climate: The experiences of African American college students. Journal of Negro Education, 69 (1/2): 60–73.
  • Spurgeon, C. & Meredith, H.V. (1980). Secular change of body size and form of black American children and youths living in the U.S. Anthrop. Közl, 24, 237–240.
  • Stanfield, J. H., II. (1985). The ethnocentric basis of social science knowledge production. Review of Research in Education, 12, 387–415.
  • Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air. How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52, (6), 613–629.
  • Steele, C. M. (1999). Thin ice. Stereotype threat and black college students. The Atlantic Monthly, 284 (2), 44–54.
  • Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1998). The basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
  • Tatum, B. D. (1992). Talking about race, learning about racism: The application of racial identity development theory in the classroom. Harvard Educational Review, 61(1), 1–24.
  • Taylor v. Wake Forest University, 191 S.E.2d 379, 382 (N.C. Ct. App. 1972 ), cert. denied, 192 S.E.2d 197 (N.C. 1972).
  • Widmeyer, W. N., Carron, A. V., & Brawley, L. R. (1993). Group cohesion in sport and exercise. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphy, & L. K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of research on sport psychology (pp. 672–691). New York: Macmillan Press.
  • Worthy, M. & Markle, A. (1970). Racial differences in reactive versus selfpaced sports activities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 439–443.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.