James Watt’s Rotary Steam Engines

NOTES AND REFERENCES

• E. Galloway, History and Progress of the Steam Engine, ( T. Kelly, London, 1830), p. 76.
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• S. Lindqvist, Technology on Trial, The Introduction of Steam Power Technology into Sweden, (Almqvist & Wiksell International, Stockholm, 1984), p. 234 f.
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• Watt to Roebuck, 19 Feb. 1766, Birmingham Central Library, James Watt Papers 4/32.30; printed in J.P. Muirhead, The Origin and Progress of the Mechanical Inventions of James Watt, (J. Murray, London, 1854), Vol. I, p. 13, No. 15. [Where possible, the references for the letters printed in Muirhead have been given as well as the sources for the originals in the various collections at Birmingham Central Library.]
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• Watt to Roebuck, 29 Feb. 1766, JWP 4/32.29; Muirhead I, No. 16, p. 14.
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• Watt to Roebuck, 14 May 1766, JWP 4/32.27; Muirhead I, No. 18, p. 14.
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• Patent 1,321, enrolled 4 July 1782.
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• Watt to Roebuck, 28 Jan. 1768, JWP 4/32.26; Muirhead I, No. 22, p. 17.
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• Watt to Small, 25 Feb. 1770, Birmingham Central Library, Boulton Papers 348.17; Muirhead I, No. 77, p. 89.
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• R. L. Hills, 'A Steam Chimera, A Review of the History of the Savery Engine', Transactions, Newcomen Society, Vol 58 (1986–87), p. 34.
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• E. Robinson and D. McKie, Partners in Science, James Watt and Joseph Black, (Constable, London, 1970), Robison to Watt, Letter 6, 8 July 1768, p. 13.
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• Small to Watt, Monday, Sept. 1768, Boulton 340.3; Muirhead I, No. 33, p. 29.
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• Watt to Boulton, 20 Oct. 1768, Boulton 348.1; Muirhead I, No. 34, p. 30.
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• Small to Watt, 7 Jan. 1768, Boulton 340.1; Muirhead I, No. 21, p. 16. Small wrote 1768 as the date on this letter but the chronology must be really 1769.
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• Boulton to Watt, 7 Feb. 1769, JWP 6/19.23; Muirhead I, No. 43, p. 43.
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• Ibid.
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• Small to Watt, 16 May 1769, Boulton 340.6; Muirhead I, No. 56, p. 59.
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• JWP C1/ 35.
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• Watt to Small, 28 Jan. 1769, Boulton 348.4; Muirhead I, No. 41, p. 35.
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• Small to Watt, 5 Feb. 1769, JWP 4/24; Muirhead I, No. 42, p. 37.
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• Patent 913, 5 Jan. 1769.
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• Galloway, op. cit., p. 74.
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• JWP 6/42. Mr. T. Crichton wrote after the lecture that Newton's metal, also known as Newton's alloy, is an eutectic mixture of Bismuth, Lead and Tin in the proportions; Bismuth, 50%; Lead, 31.2%; Tin, 18.8%. The melting point of this alloy is 98 Celsius. The current use of this alloy is in fire protection devices, fuses, etc.
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• Small to Watt, 12 or 19 Feb. 1769, Boulton 340.4; not in Muirhead.
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• Watt to Small, 25 Feb. 1770, Boulton 348.17; Muirhead I, No. 77, p. 89.
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• Small to Watt, 12 or 19 Feb. 1769, Boulton 340.4; not in Muirhead.
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• Ibid.
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• Small to Watt, 18 April 1769, Boulton 340.5; Muirhead I, No. 52, p. 52.
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• Watt to Roebuck, 28 April 1769, JWP 4/32.17; Muirhead I, No. 53, p. 53.
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• JWP C4/C1, 19 Feb. 1769, "Extracts from Dr. Small's Correspondence with Mr. Watt, see also Small to Watt, 16 May 1769, Boulton 340.6; Muirhead I, No. 56, p. 58.
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• Watt to Small, 28 April 1769, Boulton 348.8; Muirhead I, No. 54, p. 55.
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• Small to Watt, 16 May 1769, Boulton 340.6; Muirhead I, No. 58, p. 59.
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• Watt to Small, 28 May 1769, Boulton 348.9; Muirhead I, No. 58, p. 60.
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• Small to Watt, 5 Nov. 1769, Boulton 340.6; Muirhead I, No. 67, p. 82.
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• Small to Watt, 26 Dec. 1769, Boulton 340.11; Muirhead I, No. 71, p. 84.
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• Small to Watt, 23 Jan. 1770, Boulton 340,12; Muirhead I, No. 74, p. 86.
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• Small to Watt, 28 Feb. 1770, Boulton 340.13; Muirhead I, No. 78, p. 92.
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• Watt to Small, 25 Feb. 1770, Boulton 348.17; Muirhead I, No. 77, p. 89.
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• Ibid.
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• Small to Watt, 17 Sept. 1770, Boulton 340.14; Muirhead II, No. 84, p. 4.
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• Ibid.
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• Small to Watt, 5 Oct. 1770, Boulton 340.15; Muirhead 11, No. 86, p. 11.
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• H.W. Dickinson & R. Jenkins, James Watt and the Steam Engine, (1927, reprint Moorland, Ashbourne, 1981), p. 34.
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• Watt to Small, 30 Sept. 1770, Muirhead IT, No. 85, p. 6; see also Birmingham Central Library, Boulton & Watt Collection, Muirhead Papers I, 1/15, Watt's Journal, entry for 29 Sept. 1770 for notes on this letter.
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• Small to Watt, 5 Oct. 1770, Boulton 340.15; Muirhead 11, No. 86, p. 11.
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• Watt to Small, 20 Oct. 1770, Boulton 348.21; Muirhead II, No. 87, p. 13.
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• Small to Watt, 3 Feb. 1771, Boulton 340.16; Muirhead II, No. 89, p. 15 where the date is given as 14 Feb.
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• Small to Watt, 19 Oct. 1771, Boulton 340.17, Muirhead IL No. 91, p. 17.
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• Small to Watt, 16 Dec. 1771, Boulton 340.18; Muirhead II, No. 92, p. 19.
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• Watt to Small, suppose 15 Dec. 1771, JWP 4/59.5.
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• Watt to Small, 24 Dec. 1771, Boulton 348.23; Muirhead II, No. 93, p. 20.
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• Roebuck to Watt, 20 Aug. 1772, JWP 4/57.18; Muirhead H, No. 95, p. 22.
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• Roebuck to Boulton, 22 Aug. 1772, Boulton 334.17.
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• Watt to Small, Aug. 1772, JWP 4/59.6; Muirhead H, No. 96, p. 23. See also B. & W. Col., MI 1/19, Watt's Journal, 25 Aug. 1772.
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• Roebuck to Watt, 5 Sept. 1772, JWP 4/57.19; see also B. & W. Col., MI 1/19, 8 Sept. 1772.
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• B. & W. Col., MI 1/19, 7 Nov. 1772. See also H.W. Dickinson, Matthew Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 1936, p. 83.
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• Small to Watt, 16 Nov. 1772, Boulton 340.24; Muirhead II, No. 101, p. 31.
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• Small to Watt, 3 Dec. 1772, Boulton 340.25; Muirhead II, No. 103, p. 35.
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• Small to Watt, 27 Jan. 1773, Boulton 340.26; Muirhead II, No. 105, p. 37.
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• Small to Watt, 8 Aug. 1773, Boulton 340.33; Muirhead II, No. 119, p. 57.
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• Small to Watt, 23 Feb. 1774, Boulton 340.39; Muirhead II, No. 131, p. 74.
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• See Watt to Small, 3 March 1774, Boulton 348.41; Muirhead II, No. 132, p. 75 and B. & W. Col., MI 1/20 20 Feb. to 9 March 1774.
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• Small to Watt, 29 March 1774, Boulton 340.40; Muirhead H, No. 133, p. 76.
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• See B. & W. Col., MI 1/21, 31 May 1774.
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• Dr. Hutton to G. Clerk, ? July 1774, Scottish Record Office, GD18/85937/3.
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• Roebuck to Watt, 12 Nov. 1774, JWP 4/57.23; Muirhead H, No. 136, p. 79.
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• Watt to Boulton, 31 Jan. 1775, Boulton 348.45; Muirhead II, No. 140, p. 81.
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• B. & W. Col., MI 2/8, London 1775.
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• B. & W. Col., MI 2/5, no date.
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• Boulton to Watt, 2 Feb. 1775, JWP 6/19.8; Muirhead II, No. 141, p. 81.
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• Boulton to Watt, 24 April 1775, JWP 6/19.22; Muirhead II, No. 146, p. 84.
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• Boulton to Watt, May 1775, JWP 6/19.6; Muirhead II, No. 147, p. 87.
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• B. & W. Col., MI 8/25, "An Account of James Watt's Improvements upon the Steam or Fire Engine", no date but ascribed to 1775.
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• 'Watt's Case Before Parliament', Boulton 348.54.
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• Copy Minutes on Recommitment of Mr Watt's Engine Bill, Joseph Harrison's Evidence, 11 April 1775, JWP 4/53.
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• Ibid, Samuel Garbett's Evidence, 12 April 1775.
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• Ibid, Robert MyInc's Evidence, 12 April 1775.
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• Boulton to Watt, 24 Feb. 1776, Boulton 348.57; Muirhead II, No. 154, p. 95.
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• Boulton to Watt, 25 July 1776, Muirhead II, No. 159, p. 101.
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• Boulton to Watt, [1776], Muirhead II, No. 160, p. 102.
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• Watt's Journal, 4 Oct. 1779, JWP C3/5.
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• Patent 1,321.
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• Watt to G. Hamilton, 24 Sept. 1782, JWP LB1. Murray Osborne (or Osburn) was one of Watt's appren-tices in Glasgow who helped with both the engine at ICinneil and Watt's Newcomen engines. Daniel McMillan was one of Watt's journeymen making scientific instruments who moved to St. Petersburg in Russia.
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• Watt's Diary, 20 Nov. 1782, JWP C3/6.
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• Watt's Diary, 19 Feb. 1783, JWP C3/7.
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• H.W. Dickinson, James Watt, (Cambridge University Press, 1935), p. 136.
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• "Boulton v. Bull", June 1793, JWP 3/14.
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• "In the Common Pleas, Michaelmas Term 1796", Bundle 2, p. 23, JW P 3/29.
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• "Answers by Mr Watt to the Objections made to his Specification", 27 Sept. 1796, p. 24, JWP 4/26.
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• Locomotive Publishing Co. Ltd., London 1937. Kitsons of Leeds, E. K. Clark. See pp. 72–74 and associated figures.
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• Occasional Papers in the History of Science and Technology No.4, ( Newcastle upon Tyne Polytechnic, 1984). An Almost Unknown Great Man, J. F. Clarke. ISBN 0-906721-18-0. See pp. 4–5 and Fig., page 10.
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