‘the civil-engineer’s talent’: Michael Faraday, science, engineering and the English lighthouse service, 1836–1865

NOTES AND REFERENCES

• Airy to Faraday, 28 January 1850, Frank A. J. L. James, The Correspondence of Michael Faraday, 4 volumes, London, 1991—, volume 4: letter 2257. Hereafter cited as Farday, Correspondence followed by volume and letter number.
   Google Scholar
• See, for example, Henry Bence Jones The Life and Letters of Faraday, 1st ed., 2 vols., ( London, 1870).
   Google Scholar
• Herbert to Faraday, 4 February 1836, Faraday, Correspondence, 2: 885.
   Google Scholar
• On Tyndall's lighthouse work see Roy M. MacLeod, 'Science and Government in Victorian England; Lighthouse Illumination and the Board of Trade, 1866-1886' ISIS, 1969, 60, 4–38.
   Google Scholar
• For the background to Faraday's appointment see Frank A. J. L. James, 'Michael Faraday and Lighthouses' in Ian Inkster ed. The Golden Age c. 1850–1870: Essays in the Social and Economic History of England, forthcoming.
   Google Scholar
• Faraday's written evidence to the Royal Commission on Lighthouses, 25 February 1860, Parliamentary Papers, 1861 [2793] 25, pp. 591–2.
   Google Scholar
• For an account of the history of the collection see pp. xxv—xxvi of Faraday's Correspondence, vol. 3.
   Google Scholar
• Frank A. J. L. James and Margaret Ray, 'Science in the Pits: Michael Faraday, Charles Lye11 and the Home Office Enquiry into the Explosion at Haswell Colliery, County Durham, in 1844', Hist. and Tech., 1999, 15: 213–31.
   Google Scholar
• These letters are in a bound volume which forms GL MS 30108A/1.
   Google Scholar
• Bence Jones, op. cit. (2), 2: 87.
   Google Scholar
• Ibid.
   Google Scholar
• Ibid.
   Google Scholar
• See also John Hall Gladstone, Michael Faraday, 3rd edition, London, 1874, p. 135.
   Google Scholar
• See, for examples, Faraday to Herbert, 30 January 1843 and 8 May 1846, Faraday, Correspondence, 3: 1465 and 1876 respectively.
   Google Scholar
• See, for instance, Herbert to Faraday, 28 March 1853, Faraday, Correspondence, 4: 2661.
   Google Scholar
• Faraday's Report to Trinity House, 10 February 1841, Faraday, Correspondence, 3: 1337.
   Google Scholar
• Neale to Faraday, 19 February 1843, Faraday, Correspondence, 3: 1473.
   Google Scholar
• Patent 9679, 25 March 1843, 'Ventilating gas-burners, and burners for consuming oil, tallow, and other matters'. See also Faraday to Robert Faraday, 10 December 1842 and 10 January 1843, Faraday, Correspondence, 3: 1452 and 1460 and Michael Faraday, 'On the Ventilation of Lighthouse Lamps; the points necessary to be observed, and the manner in which these have been or may be attained', Min. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., 1843, 2, 206–9.
   Google Scholar
• Frank Richard Cowell, The Athenaeum: Club and Social Life in London 1824–1974, London, 1975, pp. 24–5.
   Google Scholar
• Times, 27 July 1846, p. 5, col. a.
   Google Scholar
• Faraday's Report to Trinity House, 10 February 1841, Faraday, Correspondence, 3: 1337.
   Google Scholar
• See, for instance, Faraday to Herbert, 19 December 1843, 11 September 1846 and 1 February 1847, Faraday, Correspondence, 3: 1542, 1914 and 1955 respectively.
   Google Scholar
• Denis Smith, 'James Walker (1781-1862): Civil Engineer', Trans. Newcomen Soc., 1998, 69: 23–55, pp. 38-41. Walker had a great admiration for Faraday and in 1854 commissioned the sculptor Matthew Noble (1818-1876) to make a marble bust of Faraday which he left to the Royal Institution where it now is.
   Google Scholar
• Faraday to Brown and Brown, 17 December 1847, Correspondence: 3, 2038.
   Google Scholar
• Faraday report to Trinity House, 15 August 1854, Faraday, Correspondence, 4: 2878.
   Google Scholar
• M. Faraday, 'On Lighthouse Illumination—the Electric Light', Proc. Roy. Inst., 1860, 3: 220-3, p. 222.
   Google Scholar
• Alas not an original joke, but used in Silvanus Phillips Thompson, Michael Faraday, His Life and Work, London, 1898, p. 218.
   Google Scholar
• J. J. W. Watson, A Few Remarks on the Present State and Prospects of Electrical Illumination, London, 1853, pp. 17–18.
   Google Scholar
• Lit. Gaz., 23 July 1853, p. 722.
   Google Scholar
• For example Patent 2628, 14 October 1857, 'Magneto-Electric Machines'. He was alive in 1881 when he wrote about his lighthouse work. Holmes to Wortley, 12 February 1881, Science Museum archive.
   Google Scholar
• Herbert to Faraday, 24 November 1852, Faraday, Correspondence, 4: 2599.
   Google Scholar
• For the details see Watson, op. cit. (28).
   Google Scholar
• Herbert to Faraday, 16 December 1852, Faraday, Correspondence, 4: 2606.
   Google Scholar
• Faraday to Watson, 20 December 1852, Faraday, Correspondence, 4: 2608.
   Google Scholar
• Watson to Faraday, 20 December 1852 and 6 January 1853, Faraday, Correspondence, 4: 2609 and 2614.
   Google Scholar
• Herbert to Faraday, 9 June 1853, Faraday, Correspondence, 4: 2687.
   Google Scholar
• Watson to Faraday, 17 July 1854, Faraday, Correspondence, 4: 2868.
   Google Scholar
• Detailed notes of the trials, though not in Faraday's hand, are in an untitled notebook in IEE MS S C 2.
   Google Scholar
• Faraday report to Trinity House, 15 August 1854, Faraday, Correspondence, 4: 2878.
   Google Scholar
• Faraday, op. cit. ( 26), 222.
   Google Scholar
• Ibid.
   Google Scholar
• F. H. Holmes, Magneto-Electric Light as Applicable to Lighthouses, London, 1861, p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Faraday report to Trinity House, 20 February 1860, Parliamentary Papers, 1862 ( 489) 54.
   Google Scholar
• Faraday, op. cit. ( 26), 223.
   Google Scholar
• Faraday to Berthon, 15 February 1864, GL MS 30108/3/108.
   Google Scholar
• On this programme see James Nicholas Douglas, 'The Electric Light applied to Lighthouse Illumination', Min. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., 1879, 57, 77–165.
   Google Scholar
• Faraday, op. cit. ( 26), 223.
   Google Scholar
• Kenneth Sutton-Jones, Pharos: The Lighthouse Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, Salisbury, 1985, p. 117.
   Google Scholar
• Douglas B. Hague and Rosemary Christie, Lighthouses: the architecture, history and archaeology, Llandysul, 1975, p. 160.
   Google Scholar
• Airy to Faraday, 19 May 1847, Faraday, Correspondence, 3: 1990.
   Google Scholar