Stephen Switzer, Hydrostaticks and Technology in the Country House Landscape

REFERENCES

• For an account of the career of Stephen Switzer see W.A. Brogden, 'Stephen Switzer and Garden Design in Britain in the Early Eighteenth Century' (PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1973). See also David Jacques, Georgian Gardens: The Reign of Nature (London, 1983).
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• George London and Henry Wise had a nursery at Brompton Park. The partnership of London and Wise was one of the most influential of the time.
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• Switzer, Hydrostaticks, II, pp. 412–13.
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• Only a few of the sites associated with Switzer have been referred to in this paper. For a full discussion see Brogden 'Stephen Switzer'.
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• See Brogden, 'Stephen Switzer' p. 8.
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• Leonard Knyff, a Dutch painter and draughtsman collaborated with Johannes Kip and engraver to publish Britannia Illustrata, vol. 1(1707) and Le Nouveau Théâtre de la Grande Bretagne, vol. I, pt I (1715).
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• Switzer, Hydrostaticks, I, p. 12.
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• The extent of Switzer's actual involvement is unclear.
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• Switzer, Hydrostaticks, I, p. 168.
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• Ibid., I, p. 28.
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• Switzer is clearly aware of the work of those contributing to the Royal Society and much of the reporting in Hydrostaticks is influenced by what he knew of the Society's experiments and publications.
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• Switzer, Hydrostaticks, II, p. 312.
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• Ibid., II, p. 325.
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• See frontispiece for Switzer, Hydrostaticks, vols. I and II.
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• Switzer, Hydrostaticks, II, p. 376.
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• See for example William Barclay Parsons, Engineers and Engineering in the Renaissance (London, 1967), Maurice Daumas, A History of Technology and Industry: Progress through the Ages (London, 1980) Charles Singer et al., A History of Technology, III: From the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution (Oxford, 1957).
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• This was probably the 17 miles of conduit known as 'Drakes Leat' (built 1589–91) that diverted water from the River Meavy to augment the supply of well-water in the town: See F. W. Robins The Story of the Supply of Water (Oxford, 1946), ch. 16.
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• See Stéphane Pincas, Versailles: The History of the Gardens and their Sculpture (London, 1996), pp. 268–74 for illustrations of the aqueducts.
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• Switzer, Hydrostaticks, I, p. 110, Switzer condemned the cost of construction.
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• Ibid., II, p. 292.
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• Ibid., II, p. 319.
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• Aldersey also undertook a number of hydraulic projects at Hampton Court Palace. His designs were adapted by John Rowley, Master Mechanic to the King.
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• Switzer, Hydrostaticks, II, p. 323.
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• Charles Bridgeman (d. 1738) was one of the most influential landscape designers of the period. He was Royal Gardener to George II and Queen Caroline.
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• MS Travel Diary, Northants Record Office, Northampton, A 280, f. 26r.
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• Archibald Campbell (1682–1716), 3rd Duke of Argyll and 1st Earl of Islay.
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• Sarah Markham, John Loveday of Caversham (Salisbury, 1984), pp. 211 45, quoted in John Dixon Hunt and Erik de Jong, 'The Anglo-Dutch Garden in the Age of William and Mary', a special issue of the Journal of Garden History, VIII/2-3 (1988), p. 247.
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• Switzer, Hydrostaticks, II, p. 314.
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• Ibid., p. 314.
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• For a discussion see, Judith Roberts, 'Well Temper'd Clay': Constructing Water Features in the Landscape Park', in J. Garden Hist., vol. 29, pt 1(2000), pp. 12–29.
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• Switzer, Hydrostaticks, II, p. 334.
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• P.K. Stembridge, Thomas Goldney's Garden (Avon Gardens Trust, Bristol, 1996), pp. 18–19.
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• Anon., `Stourton Gardens', in The Royal Magazine, or Gentleman's Monthly Companion (February 1764), p. 102, 1 76–79.
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• Information supplied by J. Kenneth Major.
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