REFERENCES
- Peter Mathias and John A. Davis, The First Industrial Revolutions (Blackwell, 1991), p. 1.
- David Pye, The Nature and Art of Workmanship (Herbert Press, 1971), p. 9.
- N. McKendrick, 'Josiah Wedgwood and factory discipline', Historical Journal, vol. 4, pt 1(1961),p. 38.
- Ibid., p. 32.
- Ibid., p. 33.
- Comte Honoré-Joseph-Antonin Ganteaume (1755–1815) was Vice Admiral in command of the Brest fleet during the Trafalgar campaign but because of the close British blockade was unable to break out to join Villeneuve's Toulon fleet.
- H.W. Dickinson, 'The Taylors of Southampton: Their Ships' Blocks, Circular Saw, and Ships' Pumps', Transactions of the Newcomen Society, vol. 29 (1953-54/1954-55), pp. 169–78.
- R.A. Morris, 'Samuel Bentham and the Management of the Royal Dockyards, 1796-1806', Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research (November 1981), pp. 226–40.
- K.R. Gilbert, Henry Maudslay, Machine Builder (Science Museum, London, 1971).
- K.R. Gilbert, The Portsmouth Block-making Machinery (Science Museum, London, 1965).
- The recognition of this innovation was widespread within a very short time, meriting references in Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, vol. 3 (1811), Rees's Cyclopaedia (the entire section on 'machinery' of 18 pages and seven plates in vol. 22 (1812), and the Encyclopaedia Britannica (from the supplement to the fourth edition of c. 1817 to the ninth of 1875).
- Quoted from Johann David Schöpf, Travels in the Confederation, 1783–1784, trans. Alfred J. Morrison (Philadelphia, 1911), vol. 1, p. 30, in Brook Hindle and Steven Lubar, Engines of Change: The American Industrial Revolution 1790–1860 (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1986), p. 49.
- Brook Hindle and Steven Lubar, Engines of Change: The American Industrial Revolution 1790–1860 (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1986), p. 57.
- David E. Nye, American Technological Sublime (Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1994), p. 112.
- B. Hindle and S. Lubar, op. cit. (13), pp. 219–20.
- Ibid., p. 226.
- Ibid., p. 226.
- Samuel Colt (1814–1862) and Elisha Root (1808–1865) pioneered the manufacture of the Colt revolver between 1848 and 1854 at the Colt Armory in Hartford, Connecticut.
- An excellent summary of the innovations pioneered by Ford and the transition through into lean production is in James P. Womack, Daniel T. Jones and Daniel Roos, The Machine that Changed the World (New York: Macmillan, 1990).
- Two admirable studies of mass production, as pioneered by Ford, are David Hounshell, From theAmerican System to Mass Production, 1800–1932 (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1984) and Wayne Lewchuck, American Technology and the British Vehicle Industry (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1987).
- J.P. Womack, D.T. Jones and D. Roos, op. cit. (19), p. 42.
- Peter Drucker, The Concept of the Corporation (New York: John Day, 1946).
- The circular loom was developed by Sakichi Toyoda and patented in 1906. It resulted from performance tests carried out by the Kanegafuchi Spinning Company which showed that looms made by the British firm, Platt Brothers, operated best overall and that Toyoda looms were less efficient and produced inferior cloth. In 1929 Platt Brothers approached Toyoda to purchase the patent rights for the Toyoda G-type automatic loom (introduced in 1925), rights which covered the whole world except Japan, China and the United States. Examples of both looms are on display in the Toyota Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology in Nagoya.
- The Toyota figure has been calculated by Womack, Jones and Roos (1990) in Toyota: A History of the First 50 Years (Nagoya: Toyota, 1988), p. 491. Toyota also produced 129,584 trucks between 1937 and 1950, mostly for military use. The Rouge production figure includes 700 vehicles assembled at the Rouge and 6300 kits of parts Ford shipped to its final assembly plants spread across the United States.
- The Ford Focus is the first model to benefit from this design initiative.