20
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Sildenafil: a Urologist's View

, &
Pages s48-s58 | Published online: 26 Aug 2008

  • Hanson-Divers C, Jackson SE, Lue TB, et al.(1998). Health outcomes variables important to patients in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. J. Urol., 159, 1541–1547.
  • Feldman HA, Goldstein I, Hatzichristou DG, et al. (1994). Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J. Urol., 151, 54–61.
  • Zemel P (1988). Sexual dysfunction in the diabetic patient with hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol., 61, 27–33H.
  • Rubin A, Abbot D (1958). Impotence and diabetes mellitus. JAMA, 168, 498.
  • Virag R, Beck-Archlly L (1997). Nosology, epidemiology, clinical quantification of erectile dysfunction. Rev. Med. Intern., 1 (Suppl), 10s–13s.
  • Goldmeier D, Keane FE, Carter P, et al. (1997). Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in heterosexual patients attending a central London genitourinary medicine clinic. Int. J. STD AIDS, 8, 303–306.
  • Read S, King M, Watson J (1997). Sexual dysfunction in primary care: prevalence, characteristics and detection by the general practitioner. J Public Health Med., 19, 387–391.
  • McCulloch DK, Campbell IW, Wu FC, et al. (1980). The prevalence of diabetic impotence. Diabetologia, 18, 279–283.
  • Ruzbarsky V. Michal V (1977). Morphologic changes in the arterial bed of the penis with ageing: relationship to the pathogenesis of impotence. Invest. Urol., 15, 194–199.
  • Abelson D (1975). Diagnostic value of the penile pulse and blood pressure: a Doppler study of impotence in diabetics. J. Urol., 113, 636–639.
  • Faerman I, Glocer L, Fox D, et al. (1974). Impotence and diabetes: histological studies of the autonomic nervous fibers of the corpora cavernosa in impotent diabetic males. Diabetes, 23, 424–428.
  • Fani K, Lundin AP, Beyer MM (1983). Pathology of the penis in long-term diabetic rats. Diabetologia, 25, 424–428.
  • Gu J, Polak JM, Lazarides M, et al. (1984). Decrease of vasoactive intestinal poly-peptide (VIP) in the penises of impotent men. Lancet, 2, 315–318.
  • Lincoln J, Crowe R, Blacklay PF, et al. (1987). Changes in vipergic, cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of human penile tissue in diabetic and non-diabetic impotent males. J. Urol., 137, 1053–1059.
  • Melman A, Henry DP, Felton DL, O'Connor BL (1980). Alteration of the penile corpora in patients with erectile impotence. Invest. Urol., 17, 474–477.
  • Azadzoi KM, Saenz de Tejada I (1992). Diabetes mellitus impairs neurogenic and endothelium-mediated relaxation of rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. J. Urol., 148, 1587–1591.
  • Jeremy JY, Mikhailidis DP, Thompson CS, Dandona P (1986). The effect of cigarette smoke and diabetes mellitus on muscarinic stimulation of pro stacyclin synthesis by the rat penis. Diabetes Res., 3, 467–469.
  • Saenz de Tejada I (1992). Mechanisms for the regulation of penile smooth muscle contractility. In: World Book ofImpotence, Lue T, ed., Smith Gordon/Nishimura, London: pp. 264–292.
  • Muller SC, El-Damanhoury H, Ruth J, Lue TF (1991). Hypertension and impotence. Eur. Ural., 19, 29–34.
  • Virag R, Bouilly P, Frydman D (1985). Is impotence an arterial disorder? A study of arterial risk factors in 440 impotent men. Lancet, 1, 181–184.
  • Shabsigh R, Fishman IJ, Schum C, Dunn JK (1991). Cigarette smoking and other vascular risk factors in vasculogenic impotence. Urology, 38, 227–231.
  • Mannino DM, Klevens RM, Flanders WD (1994). Cigarette smoking: an independent risk factor for impotence? Am. J. Epidemiol., 140, 1003–1008.
  • Rosen MP, Greenfield AJ, Walker TG (1991). Cigarette smoking: an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in the hypogastric-cavernous arterial bed of men with arteriogenic impotence. J. Ural., 145, 759–763.
  • Glina R, Reichelt AC, Leao PP, Dosreis JM (1988). Impact of cigarette smoking on papaverine induced erections. J. Ural., 140, 523–524.
  • Levine LA, Gerber GS (1990). Acute vasospasm of penile arteries in response to cigarette smoking. Urology, 36, 99–100.
  • Jeremy JY, Mikhailidis DP (1998). Cigarette smoking and erectile dysfunction. J. Ray. Soc. Health, 118, 151–155.
  • Benowitz NL, Kuyt A, Jacob P (1984). Influence of nicotine on cardiovascular and hormonal effects of cigarette smoking. Clin. Phannacol. Ther., 36, 74–81.
  • Azadzoi KM, Saenz de Tejada I (1991). Hypercholesterolaemia impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. J. Ural., 146, 238–240.
  • Krane RF, Goldstein I, De Tejada IS (1990). Impotence. N. Engl. J. Med., 321, 1648–1659.
  • Sullivan ME, Dashwood MR, Thompson CS, Mikhailidis DP, Morgan RJ (1998). Decreased endothelin B receptor binding sites on corpus cavernosa of hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Br. J. Ural., 81, 128–134.
  • Simons LA, Sullivan D, Simons J, Celermajer DS (1998). Effects of ator-vastatin monotherapy and simvastatin plus cholestyramine on arterial endothelia function in patients with severe primary hypercholesterolaemia. Atherosclerosis, 137, 197–203.
  • Read S, King M, Watson J (1997). Sexual dysfunction in primary care. Prevalence, characteristics and detection by the general practitioner. J. Public Health Med., 9, 387–391.
  • Wei M (1994). Total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol as important predictors of erectile dysfunction. Am. J. Epidemiol., 140, 930–937.
  • Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB, Martin CE (1948). Age and sexual outlet. In: Sexual Behaviour in the Human Male, Kinsey AC, Pomeroy WB, Martin CE, eds, WB Saunders, Philadelphia: pp. 218–262.
  • Feldman HA, Goldstein I, Hatzichristou DG, Krane RJ, McKinlay JB (1994). Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: Results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J. Ural., 151, 54–61.
  • Virag R (1982). Intracavernous injection of papaverine for erectile dysfunction. Lancet, 2, 938.
  • Brindley GS (1983). Cavernosal alpha blockage: a new technique for investigating and treating erectile impotence. Br. J. Psychiatry, 143, 332–337.
  • Levine SB, Althol SE, Turner LA, et al. (1989). Side effects of self-administration of intracavernous papaverine and phentol-amine for the treatment of impotence. J. Ural., 141, 54–57.
  • Hu KN, Burks C, Christy WC (1987). Fibrosis of tunica albuginea: complication of long-term intracavernous pharmacological self-injection. J. Ural., 138, 404–405.
  • ABPI (1996). Compendium of Data Sheets and Summaries of Product Characteristics 1996-97. London, Datapharm Publications.
  • Stackl W, Hanson R, Marberger M (1990). The use of prostaglandin E1 for the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction. World J. Ural., 8, 84–86.
  • Linet OI, Ogrine FG (1996). Efficacy and safety of intracavernosal alprostadil in men with erectile dysfunction. N. Engl. J Med., 334, 873–877.
  • Padma-Nathan H, Hellstrom WJG, Kaiser FE, et al. Treatment of men with erectile dysfunction with transurethral alprostadil. N. Engl. J. Med., 336, 1–7.
  • Hellstrom WJG, Bennett AH, Gesundheit N, et al. (1996). Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of erectile response to transurethral alprostadil in men with chronic erectile dysfunction. Urology, 48, 851–856.
  • Williams G, Abbou C-C, Amar ET, et al. (1998). Efficacy and safety of transurethral dysfunction. Br. J. Urol., 81, 889–894.
  • Dail WG, Manzanares K, Moll MA, Minorsky N (1985). The hypogastric nerve innervates a population of penile neurons in the pelvic plexus. Neuroscience, 16, 1041–1046.
  • Dorr LD, Brody MJ (1967). Hemodynamic mechanisms of erection in the canine penis. Am. J. Physiol., 213, 1526–1531.
  • Saenz de Tejada I, Blanco R, Goldstein I, etal. (1988). Cholinergic neurotransmission in human corpus cavernosum. I. Responses of isolated tissue. Am. J. Physiol., 254, H459–H467.
  • Saenz de Tejada I, Goldstein I, Azadzoi K, et al. (1989). Impaired neurogenic and endothelium-mediated relaxation of penile smooth muscle from diabetic men with impotence. N. Engl. J. Med., 320, 1025–1030.
  • Rajfer J, Aronson WJ, Bush P, et al. (1992). Nitric oxide as a mediator of relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in response to non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmission. N. Engl. J. Med., 326, 90–94.
  • Burnett AL, Lowenstein CJ, Bredt D, et al. (1992). Nitric oxide: a physiologic mediator of penile erection. Science, 257, 401–403.
  • Ignarro LJ, Bush PA, Buga GM, et al. Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation upon electrical field stimulation causes relaxation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 170, 843–850.
  • Boolell M, Allen MJ, Ballard SA, et al. (1996). Sildenafil: an orally active type 5 cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction. Int. J. Impotence Res., 8, 47–52.
  • Nachtshein D (1998). Sildenafil: a milestone in the treatment of impotence. West J. Med., 169, 121–123.
  • Goldstein I, Lue TF, Padma-Nathan H, Rosen RC, Steers WD, Wicker PA (1998). Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. N. Engl. J. Med., 338, 1397–1404.
  • Moreland RB, Goldstein I, Traish A (1998). Sildenafil, a novel inhibitor of phospho-diesterase type 5 in human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells. Life Sci., 62, 309–318.
  • Viagra (sildenafil citrate) package insert, Nov. 1998. Pfizer Labs, USA.
  • Webb D, Boolell M, Muirhead G (1998). Cardiovascular effects of phospho-diesterase type 5 inhibition with concomitant nitrate therapy (abstract). Circulation, 98, 1637.
  • Pfizer Inc. Data on file.
  • Feldman R (1998). Sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: efficacy in patients taking concomitant antihypertensive treatment (abstract). Am. J. Hypertens., 11, 10.
  • Rendell MS, Rajfer J, Wicker PA, Smith MD (1999). Sildenafil for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 281, 421–426.
  • Roth A, Kulick D, Freidenberger L, Hong R, Rahimtoola SH, Elkayam U (1987). Early tolerance to hemodynamic effects of high dose transdermal nitroglycerin in responders with severe chronic heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 9, 858–864.
  • Pittilo RM, Woolf N (1993). Cigarette smoking, endothelial cell injury and atherosclerosis. J. Smoking-Rel. Disord., 4, 17–25.
  • Jeremy JY, Mehta D, Bryan AJ, Lewis D, Angelini GD (1997). Platelets and saphenous vein graft failure following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Platelets, 8, 295–309.
  • Cheitlin MD, Hutter AM, Brindis RG, et al. (1999). Use of sildenafil (Viagra) in patients with cardiovascular disease. Circulation, 99, 168–177.
  • Munzel T, Heiter T, Kurz S, et al. (1996). Dissociation of coronary vascular tolerance and neurohormonal adjustments during long-term nitroglycerin therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 27, 297–303.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.