348
Views
65
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The Acute and Sub-chronic Effects of Levocetirizine, Cetirizine, Loratadine, Promethazine and Placebo on Cognitive Function, Psychomotor Performance, and Weal and Flare

, , , &
Pages 241-255 | Published online: 26 Aug 2008

References

  • Nicholson AN. Antihistamines and sedation. Lancet 1983;2:211
  • Nicholson AN, Stone BM. Antihistamines: impaired performance and the tendency to sleep. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1986;30:27
  • Philpot EE. Safety of second generation antihistamines. Allergy Asthma Proc 2000;21(1):15–20
  • Ramaekers JG, Uiterwijk MMC, O’Hanlon JF. Effects of loratadine and cetirizine on actual car driving and psychometric test performance, and EEG during driving. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992;42:363–9
  • Sherwood N, Hindmarch I. A comparison of five commonly prescribed antidepressants with particular reference to their behavioural toxicity. Hum Psychopharmacol 1993;8:417–22
  • Starmer G. Antihistamines and highway safety. Accid Anal Prev 1985;17:311–7
  • Warren R, Simpson H, Hilchie J. Drugs detected in fatally injured drivers in the province of Ontario. In: Goldberg L (Ed), Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety. Stockholm: Almquist and Wiksell, 1981, pp.203–17
  • Richards S, Thornhill D, Roberts H. How many people think they have hay fever and what they do about it. Br J Gen Prac 1992;42:284–6
  • Levander S, Hagermark O, Stahle M. Peripheral antihistamine and central sedative effects of three H1-receptor antagonists. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1985;28: 523–9
  • Simons FER. The therapeutic index of newer H1-receptor antagonists. Clin Expl Allergy 1994;24(8):707–23
  • Simons FER, Fraser TG, Reggin JD, Simons KJ. Individual differences in central nervous system response to H1-receptor antagonists. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1995;75(6 Pt1):507–14
  • Simons FER, Fraser TG, Reggin JD, Simons KJ. Comparison of the CNS effects produced by six H1-receptor antagonists. Clin Expl Allergy 1996;26(9):1092–7
  • Bradley CM, Nicholson AN. Studies on the central effects of the H1 antagonist, loratadine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1987;32: 419–21
  • Roth T, Roehrs T, Koshorek G, Sicklesteel J, Zorick F. Sedative effects of antihistamines. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987;80(1):94–8
  • Clarke C, Nicholson A. Performance studies with antihistamines. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978;6:31–5
  • Parkin C, Kerr JS, Hindmarch I. The effects of practice on choice reaction time and critical flicker fusion threshold. Human Psychopharm 1997;12:65–70
  • Malling HJ. Quantitative skin prick testing. Allergy 1987;42:196–204
  • Curran S. Critical flicker fusion techniques in psychopharmacology. In: Hindmarch I, Stonier PD (Eds), Human Psychopharmacology: Measures and Methods, Vol. 3. Chichester: Wiley, 1992
  • Hindmarch I. A 1–4 benzodiazepine, temazepam (K3917), its effect on some psychological parameters of sleep and behaviour. Arzneim. Forsch (Drug Res) 1975;25(11):1836–9
  • Woodworth RS, Schlosberg H. Experimental Psychology. London: Methuen, 1958
  • Hindmarch I. Critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF): the effects of psychotropic compounds. Pharmacopsych 1982;15(Suppl 1):44–8
  • Smith JM, Misiak H. H1-receptor antagonists. Critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) and psychotropic drugs in normal human subjects: a review. Psychopharmacol 1976;47: 175–82
  • Hindmarch I. Psychomotor function and psychoactive drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1980;10(3):189–209
  • Hindmarch I, Subhan Z, Stoker MJ. The effects of zimeldine and amitriptyline on car driving and psychomotor performance. Acta Psych Scand 1983;68:141
  • Hindmarch I, Gudgeon AC. The effects of clobazam and lorazepam on aspects of psychomotor performance and car handling ability. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1980;10:145
  • Parrott AC. Critical flicker fusion thresholds and their relationships to other measures. Pharmacopsych 1982;15(Suppl 1):39–43
  • Hindmarch I, Shamsi Z. Models to assess sedative properties of antihistamines. Clin Expl Allergy 1999;29(S3):133–42
  • Ramaekers JG, Vermeeren A. Importance of dose in determining severity of side effects (Letter). BMJ 2000;7260(321):572
  • Shamsi Z, Hindmarch I. Sedation and antihistamines: a review of inter-drug differences using proportional impairment ratios. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Expl 2000;15(1):S3–S30
  • Shamsi Z, Kimber S, Hindmarch I. An investigation into the effects of cetirizine on cognitive function and psychomotor performance in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2001;56:865–71

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.