Magnetic Pulse Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

References

• Vallbona C, Richards T. Evolution of magnetic therapy from alternative to traditional medicine. [Review] [117 refs]. Phys Med Rehab Clin N Amer 1999;10(3):729–54
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Macklis RM. Magnetic healing, quackery, and the debate about the health effects of electromagnetic fields. Ann Int Med 1993;118(5):376–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bassett CA. Fundamental and practical aspects of therapeutic uses of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs). [Review] [330 refs]. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 1989;17(5):451–529
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collacott EA, Zimmerman JT, White DW, Rindone JP. Bipolar permanent magnets for the treatment of chronic low back pain: a pilot study [see comments]. JAMA 2000; 283(10):1322–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray JC, Farndale RW. Modulation of collagen production in cultured fibroblasts by a low-frequency, pulsed magnetic field. Biochim Biophys Acta 1985;838(1):98–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith RL, Nagel DA. Effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields on bone growth and articular cartilage. Clin Orthop Rel Res 1983;181:277–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodan GA, Bourret LA, Norton LA. DNA synthesis in cartilage cells is stimulated by oscillating electric fields. Science 1978;199(4329):690–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin CT, McLeod KJ, Lanyon LE. Prevention of osteoporosis by pulsed electromagnetic fields. J Bone Joint Surg – Amer Vol 1989;71(3):411–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adey WR, Lin JC (Eds). Biological effects of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic Interaction with Biological Systems. New York: Plenum, 1989; pp.109–40
   Google Scholar
• Bassett CA, Schink-Ascani M, Lewis SM. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on Steinberg ratings of femoral head osteonecrosis. Clini Orthop Rel Res 1989;246:172–85
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eftekhar NS, Schink-Ascani MM, Mitchell SN, Bassett CA. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head treated by pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs): a preliminary report. Hip 1983;306–30
   Google Scholar
• Harrison MH, Bassett CA. Use of pulsed electromagnetic fields in Perthes disease: report of a pilot study. J Ped Orthop 1984;4(5):579–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabrah F, Hoffmeier M, Gilbert F Jr, Batkin S, Bassett, CA. Bone density changes in osteoporosis-prone women exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs). J Bone Min Res 1990;5(5):437–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leclaire R, Bourgouin J. Electromagnetic treatment of shoulder periarthritis: a randomized controlled trial of the efficiency and tolerance of magnetotherapy. Arch Phys Med Rehab 1991;72(5):284–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binder A, Parr G, Hazleman B, Fitton-Jackson S. Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy of persistent rotator cuff tendinitis. A double-blind controlled assessment. Lancet 1984;1(8379):695–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devereaux MD, Hazleman BL, Thomas PP. Chronic lateral humeral epicondylitis – a double-blind controlled assessment of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy. Clin Expl Rheumatol 1985;3(4):333–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trock DH, Bollet AJ, Dyer RH Jr, Fielding LP, Miner WK, Markoll R. A double-blind trial of the clinical effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields in osteoarthritis [see Comments]. J Rheumatol 1993;20(3):456–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trock DH, Bollet AJ, Markoll R. The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and cervical spine. Report of randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trials. J Rheumatol 1994;21(10):1903–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulier JC, Spaas F. Out-patient treatment of surgically resistant non-unions by induced pulsing current – clinical results. Archs Orthopaed Trauma Surg 1980;97(4):293–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ACR Subcommittee on osteoarthritis guidelines. Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: a 2000 update. Arth Rheum 2000;43(9):1905–15
   Google Scholar
• Wintraub M. Magnetic biostimulation in painful peripheral neuropathy: a novel intervention – a randomized, double-placebo crossover study. Am J Pain Manage 1998;9:9–13
   Google Scholar
• Montrey JS (for the VHA Bational Leadership Board). Quality forum on pain management. Vets Health Syst J 1999;4:21–8
   Google Scholar
• Cooper C. OA and related disorders – Epidemiology. In: Klippel JH, Dieppe P (Eds), Rheumatology. London: Mosby, 2nd edn, 1998; 8, pp. 2.1–2.8
   Google Scholar
• Spector TD, Hart DJ, Byrne J, Harris PA, Dacre JE, Doyle DV. Definition of osteoarthritis of the knee for epidemiological studies. Ann Rheum Dis 1993;52(11):790–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spector TD, Hart DJ. How serious is knee osteoarthritis?. [Review] [24 refs]. Ann Rheum Dis 1992;51(10):1105–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lequesne M. Indices of severity and disease activity for osteoarthritis. [Review] [22 refs]. Sem Arth Rheum 1991;20(6 Suppl 2):48–54
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH, Campbell J, Stitt, LW. Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol 1988;15(12):1833–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellamy N. Musculoskeletal Clinical Metrology. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993
   Google Scholar
• Brazier JE, Harper R, Munro J, Walters SJ, Snaith ML. Generic and condition-specific outcome measures for people with osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1999;38(9):870–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware J, Sherbourne D. The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992;30:473–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The UK SF-36: An Analysis and Interpretation Manual. Health Services Unit, University of Oxford, Dept. of Public Health and Primary Care, Oxford, 1996
   Google Scholar
• Fransen M, Edmonds J. Reliability and validity of the EuroQol in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1999;38(9):807–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization, United Nations Environment Program. Magnetic fields. Geneva, 1987
   Google Scholar
• Theiler R, Sangha O, Schaeren S, Michel BA, Tyndall A, Dick W, Stucki G. Superior responsiveness of the pain and function sections of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities’ Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) as compared to the Lequesne-Algofunctional Index in patients with osteoarthritis of the lower extremities. Osteoarth Cart 1999;7(6):515–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham B. Generic health instruments, visual analog scales, and the measurement of clinical phenomena [Editorial; Comment]. J Rheumatol 1999;26(5):1022–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zizic TM, Hoffman KC, Holt PA et al. Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee with pulsed electric stimulation. [Abstract] Arth Rheum 1993;36:S167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizushima Y, Akaoka I, Nishida Y. Effects of magnetic field on inflammation. Experientia 1975;31(12):1411–2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ellis WV. Pain control using high-intensity pulsed magnetic stimulation. Bioelectromagnetics 1993;14(6):553–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeshige C, Sato M. Comparisons of pain relief mechanisms between needling to the muscle, static magnetic field, external qigong and needling to the acupuncture point. Acupunct Electro-Ther Res 1996;21(2):119–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar