1,877
Views
89
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Gastrointestinal tolerability of extended-release metformin tablets compared to immediate-release metformin tablets: results of a retrospective cohort study

, , , &
Pages 565-572 | Accepted 23 Jan 2004, Published online: 05 Mar 2004

References

  • DeFronzo RA, Goodman AM, the Multicenter Metformin Study Group. Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New Engl J Med 1995;333:541–9
  • Garber AJ, Duncan TG, Goodman AM, Mills DJ, Rohlf JL. Efficacy of metformin in type II diabetes: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose response trial. Am J Med 1997;102:491–7
  • Reaven GM, Johnston P, Hollenbeck CB, et al. Combined metformin–sulfonylurea treatment of patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes in fair to poor glycemic control. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;74:1020–6
  • Campbell IW. Metformin and the sulfonylureas: the comparative risk. Horm Metab Res Suppl 1985;15:105–11
  • Johnson AB, Webster JM, Sum CF, et al. The impact of metformin therapy on hepatic glucose production and skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity in overweight type II diabetic patients. Metabolism 1993;42:1217–22
  • Nosadini R, Avogaro A, Trevisan R, et al. Effect of metformin on insulin-stimulated glucose turnover and insulin binding to receptors in type II diabetes. Diabetes Care 1987;10:62–7
  • DeFronzo RA, Barzilai N, Simonson DC. Mechanism of metformin action in obese and lean noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;73:1294–301
  • Perriello G, Misericordia P, Volpi E, et al. Acute anti-hyperglycemic mechanisms of metformin in NIDDM. Evidence for suppression of lipid oxidation and hepatic glucose production. Diabetes 1994;43:920–8
  • Hother-Nielsen O, Schmitz O, Andersen PH, Beck-Nielsen H, Pederson O. Metformin improves peripheral but not hepatic insulin action in obese patients with type II diabetes. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1989;120:257–65
  • Klip A, Leiter LA. Cellular mechanism of action of metformin. Diabetes Care 1990;13:696–704
  • Widen EI, Eriksson JG, Groop LC. Metformin normalizes nonoxidative glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant normoglycemic first-degree relatives of patients with NIDDM. Diabetes 1992;41:354–8
  • Stumvoll M, Nurjhan N, Perriello G, Dailey G, Gerich JE. Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New Engl J Med 1995;333:550–4
  • Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. New Engl J Med 2002;346: 393–403
  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 1998;352: 854–65
  • Blonde L, Rosenstock J, Mooradian AD, Piper BA, Henry D. Glyburide/metformin combination product is safe and efficacious in patients with type 2 diabetes failing sulfonylurea therapy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2002;4: 368–75
  • Aviles-Santa L, Sinding J, Raskin P. Effects of metformin in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 1999;131: 182–8
  • Glucophage® [metformin hydrochloride tablets] and Glucophage® XR [metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets] Product Information, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA, Revised July 2002
  • Dandona P, Fonseca V, Mier A, Beckett AG. Diarrhea and metformin in a diabetic clinic. Diabetes Care 1983;6:472–4
  • Fujioka K, Pans M, Joyal S. Glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus switched from twice-daily immediate-release metformin to a once-daily extended-release formulation. Clin Ther 2003;25: 515–29
  • Hebden JM, Gilchrist PJ, Blackshaw E, et al. Night-time quiescence and morning activation in the human colon: effect on transit of dispersed and large single unit formulations. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;11:1379–85
  • Haupt E, Knick B, Koschinsky T, Liebermeister H, Schneider J, Hirche H. Oral antidiabetic combination therapy with sulphonylureas and metformin. Diabetes Metab 1991;17:224–31
  • Howlett HC, Bailey CJ. A risk–benefit assessment of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drug Saf 1999;20:489–503

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.