References
- Bremner WJ, Vitiello WV, Prinz PN. Loss of circadian rhythmicity in blood testosterone levels with aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;51:1278–81
- Nieschlag E, Behre HM. Testosterone: action, deficiency, substitution, 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer; 1998
- Basaria S, Dobs A. Hypogonadism and androgen replacement therapy in elderly men. Am J Med 2001;110(7):563–72
- Wang C, Swerdloff RS. Androgen replacement therapy, risks and benefits. In: Wang C (Ed). Male reproductive function. Norwell: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1999. pp157–72
- Aloia JF, Field RA. The effect of androgens and related substances on carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and diabetes mellitus. Pharmacol Ther 1976;1:241–57
- Vermuelen A. Androgen replacement therapy in the aging male – a critical evaluation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;80:2380–9
- van den Beld AW, de Jong FH, Grobbee DE, Pols HAP, Lamberts SWJ. Measures of bio-available serum testosterone and estradiol and their relationship with muscle strength, bone density and body composition in elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:3276–82
- Bizzarro A, Valentini G, DiMartino G, Daponte A, DeBellis A, Iacono G. Influence of testosterone therapy on clinical and immunological features of autoimmune diseases associated with Klinefelter’s syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;64:32–6
- Arver S, Dobs AS, Meikle AW, Allen RP, Sanders SW, Mazer NA. Improvement of sexual function in testosterone deficient men treated for 1 year with a permeation enhanced testosterone transdermal system. J Urol 1996;155:1604–8
- Sokol RZ, Palacios A, Campfield LA, Saul C, Swerdloff RS. Comparison of the kinetics of injectable testosterone in eugonadal and hypogonadal men. Fertil Steril 1982;37:425–30
- Jordan WP. Allergy and topical irritation associated with transdermal testosterone administration: a comparison of scrotal and non-scrotal transdermal systems. Am J Contact Dermat 1997;2:108–13
- Jordan Jr. WP, Athkinson LE, Lai C. Comparison of the skin irritation potential of two testosterone transdermal systems: an investigational system and a marketed product. Clin Ther 1988;20:80–7
- Swerdloff RS, Wang C, Cunningham G, et al. Long-term pharmacokinetics of transdermal testosterone gel in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4500–10
- AndroGel® Prescribing Information, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc. November 2002
- Griffin JE, Wilson JD. Disorders of the male reproductive tract. In: Larson PR, Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, editors. William’s textbook of endocrinology, 10th ed. Philadelphia: WB Sauders; 2002. p. 1254
- De Lorimier AA, Gordon GS, Lower RC, Carbone JV. Methyltestosterone, related steroids, and liver function. Arch Int Med 1965;116:289–94
- Nadell J, Kosek J. Peliosis hepatitis. Twelve cases associated with oral androgen therapy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1977;101:405–10
- Ross RJM, Jabbar A, Jones TH, et al. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a bioadhesive buccal testosterone tablet in hypogonadal men. Eur J Endocrinol 2004;150:57–63
- Columbia Laboratories, Inc. Clinical study report: a phase III, open-label, multicenter study of the bioadhesive buccal testosterone tablet (COL-1621) to evaluate its efficacy and tolerability as replacement therapy in testosterone deficient men. 26 June 2002
- Amory JK, Watts NB, Easley KA, Sutton PR, Anawalt BD, Matsumoto AM, Bremner WJ, Tenover JL. Exogenous testosterone or testosterone with finasteride increases bone mineral density in older men with low serum testosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:503–10