212
Views
73
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Emerging concepts in osteoporosis and bone strength

Pages 1049-1056 | Accepted 29 Apr 2005, Published online: 03 Jun 2005

References

  • NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. J Am Med Assoc 2001;285:785–95
  • World Health Organization. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis [Report of a WHO Study Group]. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1994;843:1–129
  • Marshall D, Johnell O, Wedel H. Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. Br Med J 1996;312:1254–9
  • Faulkner KG, von Stetten E, Miller P. Discordance in patient classification using T-scores. J Clin Densitom 1999;2:343–50
  • Nelson HD, Helfand M, Woolf SH, Allan JD. Screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a review of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:529–41
  • National Osteoporosis Foundation. Physician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Washington (DC): National Osteoporosis Foundation; 2003
  • Position statement : executive summary. The Writing Group for the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) Position Development Conference. J Clin Densitom 2004; 7:7–12
  • Siris ES, Chen YT, Abbott TA, et al. Bone mineral density thresholds for pharmacological intervention to prevent fractures. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1108–12
  • Schuit SC, van der Klift M, Weel AE, et al. Fracture incidence and association with bone mineral density in elderly men and women: the Rotterdam Study. Bone 2004;34:195–202
  • Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, et al. The risk and burden of vertebral fractures in Sweden. Osteoporos Int 2004;15:20–6
  • Ross PD, Davis JW, Epstein RS, Wasnich RD. Pre-existing fractures and bone mass predict vertebral fracture incidence in women. Ann Intern Med 1991;114:919–23
  • Klotzbuecher CM, Ross PD, Landsman PB, Abbott 3rd TA, Berger M. Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: a summary of the literature and statistical synthesis. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15: 721–39
  • Lindsay R, Silverman SL, Cooper C, et al. Risk of new vertebral fracture in the year following a fracture. J Am Med Assoc 2001;285:320–3
  • Hochberg MC, Greenspan S, Wasnich RD, Miller P, Thompson DE, Ross PD. Changes in bone density and turnover explain the reductions in incidence of nonvertebral fractures that occur during treatment with antiresorptive agents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:1586–92
  • Wasnich RD, Miller PD. Antifracture efficacy of antiresorptive agents are related to changes in bone density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:231–6
  • Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Harris F, et al. Improvement in spine bone density and reduction in risk of vertebral fractures during treatment with antiresorptive drugs. Am J Med 2002;112:281–9
  • Sarkar S, Mitlak BH, Wong M, Stock JL, Black DM, Harper KD. Relationships between bone mineral density and incident vertebral fracture risk with raloxifene therapy. J Bone Miner Res 2002;17:1–10
  • Watts NB, Cooper C, Lindsay R, et al. Relationship between changes in bone mineral density and vertebral fracture risk associated with risedronate: greater increases in bone mineral density do not relate to greater decreases in fracture risk. J Clin Densitom 2004;7:255–61
  • Li Z, Meredith M, Hoseyni MS. A method to assess the proportion of treatment effect explained by a surrogate endpoint. Stat Med 2001;20:3175–88
  • Harrington JT, Ste-Marie LG, Brandi ML, et al. Risedronate rapidly reduces the risk for nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2004;74:129–35
  • Roux C, Seeman E, Eastell R, et al. Efficacy of risedronate on clinical vertebral fractures within 6 months. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:433–9
  • Black DM, Thompson DE, Bauer DC, et al. Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis: the Fracture Intervention Trial [FIT Research Group]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4118–24
  • Boonen S, Haentjens P, Vandenput L, Vanderschueren D. Preventing osteoporotic fractures with antiresorptive therapy: implications of microarchitectural changes. J Intern Med 2004;255:1–12
  • Cummings SR, Bates D, Black DM. Clinical use of bone densitometry: scientific review. J Am Med Assoc 2002;288: 1889–97
  • Holick MF, Krane SM. Introduction to bone and mineral metabolism. Bone structure and metabolism. In: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, editors. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 2192–205
  • Burr DB, Turner CH. Biomechanics of bone. In: Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. Durham (NC): American Society for Bone and Mineral Research; 2003. p. 58–65
  • Borah B, Dufresne TE, Chmielewski PA, Johnson TD, Chines A, Manhart MD. Risedronate preserves bone architecture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis as measured by three-dimensional microcomputed tomography. Bone 2004;34:736–46
  • Garnero P, Hausherr E, Chapuy MC, et al. Markers of bone resorption predict hip fracture in elderly women: the EPIDOS Prospective Study. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11:1531–8
  • Bauer DC, Black DM, Garnero P, et al. Change in bone turnover and hip, non-spine, and vertebral fracture in alendronate-treated women: the fracture intervention trial. J Bone Miner Res 2004;19:1250–8
  • Eastell R, Barton I, Hannon RA, Chines A, Garnero P, Delmas PD. Relationship of early changes in bone resorption to the reduction in fracture risk with risedronate. J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:1051–6
  • Sarkar S, Reginster JY, Crans GG, Diez-Perez A, Pinette KV, Delmas PD. Relationship between changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover and BMD to predict vertebral fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res 2004;19:394–401
  • Reginster JY, Sarkar S, Zegels B, et al. Reduction in PINP, a marker of bone metabolism, with raloxifene treatment and its relationship with vertebral fracture risk. Bone 2004;34:344–51
  • Seibel MJ, Naganathan V, Barton I, Grauer A. Relationship between pretreatment bone resorption and vertebral fracture incidence in postmenopausal osteoporotic women treated with risedronate. J Bone Miner Res 2004;19:323–9
  • Dalle Carbonare L, Giannini S. Bone microarchitecture as an important determinant of bone strength. J Endocrinol Invest 2004;27:99–105
  • Barger-Lux M, Recker R. Bone microstructure in osteoporosis: transilial biopsy and histomorphometry. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2002;13:297–306
  • Mosekilde L. Vertebral structure and strength in vivo and in vitro. Calcif Tissue Int 1993;53\(Suppl 1):S121-S125 [discussion S25-S26]
  • Bell GH, Dunbar O, Beck JS, Gibb A. Variations in strength of vertebrae with age and their relation to osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Res 1967;1:75–86
  • Ciarelli TE, Fyhrie DP, Schaffler MB, Goldstein SA. Variations in three-dimensional cancellous bone architecture of the proximal femur in female hip fractures and in controls. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15:32–40
  • Homminga J, McCreadie BR, Ciarelli TE, Weinans H, Goldstein SA, Huiskes R. Cancellous bone mechanical properties from normals and patients with hip fractures differ on the structure level, not on the bone hard tissue level. Bone 2002;30:759–64
  • Legrand E, Chappard D, Pascaretti C, et al. Trabecular bone microarchitecture, bone mineral density, and vertebral fractures in male osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15:13–9
  • Oleksik A, Ott SM, Vedi S, Bravenboer N, Compston J, Lips P. Bone structure in patients with low bone mineral density with or without vertebral fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15:1368–75
  • Dufresne TE, Chmielewski PA, Manhart MD, Johnson TE, Borah B. Risedronate preserves bone architecture in early postmenopausal women in 1 year as measured by three-dimensional microcomputed tomography. Calcif Tissue Int 2003;73: 423–32
  • Chavassieux PM, Arlot ME, Reda C, Wei L, Yates AJ, Meunier PJ. Histomorphometric assessment of the long-term effects of alendronate on bone quality and remodeling in patients with osteoporosis. J Clin Invest 1997;100:1475–80
  • Zanchetta JR, Bogado CE, Ferretti JL, et al. Effects of teriparatide [recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1–34)] on cortical bone in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:539–43
  • Boivin G, Meunier PJ. Methodological considerations in measurement of bone mineral content. Osteoporos Int 2003;14 (Suppl 5):22–8
  • Mashiba T, Hirano T, Turner CH, Forwood MR, Johnston CC, Burr DB. Suppressed bone turnover by bisphosphonates increases microdamage accumulation and reduces some biomechanical properties in dog rib. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15:613–20
  • Boivin GY, Chavassieux PM, Santora AC, Yates J, Meunier PJ. Alendronate increases bone strength by increasing the mean degree of mineralization of bone tissue in osteoporotic women. Bone 2000;27:687–94
  • Roschger P, Rinnerthaler S, Yates J, Rodan GA, Fratzl P, Klaushofer K. Alendronate increases degree and uniformity of mineralization in cancellous bone and decreases the porosity in cortical bone of osteoporotic women. Bone 2001;29:185–91
  • Eriksen EF, Melsen F, Sod E, Barton I, Chines A. Effects of long-term risedronate on bone quality and bone turnover in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone 2002;31:620–5
  • Turner CH. Biomechanics of bone: determinants of skeletal fragility and bone quality. Osteoporos Int 2002;13:97–104
  • Andreassen TT, Jorgensen PH, Flyvbjerg A, Orskov H, Oxlund H. Growth hormone stimulates bone formation and strength of cortical bone in aged rats. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10:1057–67
  • Beck T. Measuring the structural strength of bones with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: principles, technical limitations, and future possibilities. Osteoporos Int 2003;14(Suppl 5):81–8
  • Turner CH, Burr DB. Basic biomechanical measurements of bone: a tutorial. Bone 1993;14:595–608
  • Bono CM, Einhorn TA. Overview of osteoporosis: pathophysiology and determinants of bone strength. Eur Spine J 2003;12 (Suppl 2):S90–S96
  • Seeman E. Clinical review 137: sexual dimorphism in skeletal size, density, and strength. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:4576–84
  • Seeman E. Pathogenesis of bone fragility in women and men. Lancet 2002;359:1841–50
  • Nieves JW, Formica C, Ruffing J, et al. Males have larger skeletal size and bone mass than females, despite comparable body size. J Bone Miner Res 2005;20:529–35
  • Bouxsein ML. Bone quality: where do we go from here? Osteoporos Int 2003;14:118–27
  • Mehta SS, Antich PP, Daphtary MM, Bronson DG, Richer E. Bone material ultrasound velocity is predictive of whole bone strength. Ultrasound Med Biol 2001;27:861–7
  • Antich PP, Anderson JA, Ashman RB, et al. Measurement of mechanical properties of bone material in vitro by ultrasound reflection: methodology and comparison with ultrasound transmission. J Bone Miner Res 1991;6:417–26
  • Ritman EL. Micro-computed tomography – current status and developments. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2004;6:185–208

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.