References
- Hanauer SB, Feagan BG, Lichtenstein GR, et al., and the Accent I Study Group. Maintenance infliximab for Crohn’s disease: the ACCENT I randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359:1541–9
- Rutgeerts P, Feagan BG, Lichtenstein GR, et al. Comparison of scheduled and episodic treatment strategies of infliximab in Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 2004;126:402–13
- Baert FJ, D’Haens GR, Peeters M, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody (infliximab) therapy profoundly down-regulates the inflammation in Crohn’s ileocolitis. Gastroenterology 1999;116:22–8
- Braegger CP, Nicholls S, Murch SH, Stephens S, MacDonald TT. Tumour necrosis factor alpha in stool as a marker of intestinal inflammation. Lancet 1992;339:89–91
- Murch SH, Lamkin VA, Savage MO, Walker-Smith JA, MacDonald TT. Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha in childhood chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1991;32:913–7
- Breese EJ, Michie CA, Nicholls SW, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-producing cells in the intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 1455–66
- MacDonald TT, Hitchings P, Choy MY, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma production measured at the single cell level in normal and inflamed human intestine. Clin Exp Immunol 1990;81:301–5
- Baugh MD, Perry MJ, Hollander AP, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase levels are elevated in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1999;117:814–22
- Arihiro S, Ohtani H, Hiwatashi N, Torii A, Sorsa T, Nagura H. Vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes express MMP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and type I procollagen in inflammatory bowel disease. Histopathology 2001;39:50–9
- Bailey CJ, Hembry RM, Alexander A, Irving MH, Grant ME, Shuttleworth CA. Distribution of the matrix metalloproteinases stromelysin, gelatinases A and B, and collagenase in Crohn’s disease and normal intestine. J Clin Pathol 1994;47:113–6
- Pender SL, Tickle SP, Docherty AJ, Howie D, Wathen NC, MacDonald TT. A major role for matrix metalloproteinases in T cell injury in the gut. J Immunol 1997;158:1582–90
- Van den Steen PE, Dubois B, Nelissen I, Rudd PM, Dwek RA, Opdenakker G. Biochemistry and molecular biology of gelatinase B or matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2002;37:375–536
- Lohi J, Leivo I, Tani T, et al. Laminins, tenascin and type VII collagen in colorectal mucosa. Histochem J 1996;28:431–40
- Geboes K, El-Zine MY, Dalle I, El-Haddad S, Rutgeerts P, Van Eyken P. Tenascin and strictures in inflammatory bowel disease: an immunohistochemical study. Int J Surg Pathol 2001;9:281–6
- Riedl S, Kadmon M, Tandara A, et al. Mucosal tenascin C content in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the large bowel. Dis Colon Rectum 1998;41:86–92
- Riedl S, Tandara A, Reinshagen M, et al. Serum tenascin-C is an indicator of inflammatory bowel disease activity. Int J Colorectal Dis 2001;16:285–91
- Vainer B, Nielsen OH, Horn T. Comparative studies of the colonic in situ expression of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, -2, and -3), beta2 integrins (LFA-1, Mac-1, and p150, 95), and PECAM-1 in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24: 1115–24
- Lazaris AC, Dicoglou C, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Paraskevakou H, Davaris PS. In situ expression of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. APMIS 1999;107: 819–27
- Woywodt A, Ludwig D, Neustock P, et al. Mucosal cytokine expression, cellular markers and adhesion molecules in inflammatory bowel disease. Europ J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;11:267–76
- Sawada-Hase N, Kiyohara T, Miyagawa J, et al. An increased number of CD40-high monocytes in patients with Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95: 1516–23
- Mahida YR. The key role of macrophages in the immuno- pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2000;6:21–33
- Cappello M, Keshav S, Prince C, Jewel DP, Gordon S. Detection of mRNAs for macrophage products in inflammatory bowel disease by in situ hybridisation. Gut 1992;33:1214–9
- D’Haens G, van Deventer S, van Hogezand R, et al. Endoscopic and histologic healing with infliximab anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies in Crohn’s disease: A European multicenter trial. Gastroenterology 1999;116:1029–34
- Mary JY, Modigliani R. Development and validation of an endoscopic index of the severity for Crohn’s disease: a prospective multicentre study. Groupe d’Etudes Therapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires du Tube Digestif (GETAID). Gut 1989;30:983–9
- Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Hanauer SB, et al. A review of activity indices and efficacy endpoints for clinical trials of medical therapy in adults with Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 2002;122:512–30
- D’Haens GR, Geboes K, Peeters M, Baert P, Penninckx F, Rutgeerts P. Early lesions of recurrent Crohn’s disease caused by infusion of intestinal contents in excluded ileum. Gastroenterology 1998;114:262–7
- Geboes K, Dalle I. Influence of treatment on morphological features of mucosal inflammation. Gut 2002;50(Suppl 3):37–42
- Paemen L, Martens E, Masure S, Opdennaker G. Monoclonal antibodies specific for natural human neutrophil gelatinase B used for affinity purification, quantification by two-site ELISA and inhibition of enzymatic activity. Eur J Biochem 1995;234:759–65
- Maini RN, Breedveld FC, Kalden JR, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of multiple intravenous infusions of anti-tumor necrosis factor [alpha] monoclonal antibody combined with low-dose weekly methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1552–63
- Bamias G, Martin C, Mishina M, et al. Proinflammatory effects of TH2 cytokines in a murine model of chronic small intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology 2005;128:654–6
- Scallon BJ, Moore MA, Tyrinh H, Knight DM, Ghrayeb J. Chimeric anti-TNF alpha monoclonal antibody cA2 binds recombinant transmembrane TNF-alpha and activates immune effector functions. Cytokine 1995;7: 251–9
- Scallon B, Cai A, Solowski N, et al. Binding and functional comparisons of two types of tumor necrosis factor antagonists. J Pharmacol Exper Ther 2002;301:418–26
- Murakami T, Mataki C, Nagao C, et al. The gene expression profile of human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha using DNA microarray analysis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2000;7:39–44
- Chen C-C, Chou C-Y, Sun Y-T, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced activation of downstream NF-κB site of the promoter mediates epithelial ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion: involvement of PKCa, tyrosine kinase, and IKK2, but not MAPKs, pathway. Cell Signal 2001;13: 543–53
- Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Kalla P, Pearson CA, Beck K, Chiquet M. Tenascin interferes with fibronectin action. Cell 1988;53:383–90
- Mackie EJ, Halfter W, Liverani D. Induction of tenascin in healing wounds. J Cell Biol 1988;107:2757–67
- Lugering A, Schmidt M, Lugering N, Pauels H-G, Domschke W, and Kucharzik T. Infliximab induces apoptosis in monocytes from patients with chronic active Crohn’s disease by using a caspase- dependent pathway. Gastroenterology 2001;121:1145–57
- ten Hove T, van Montfrans C, Peppelenbosch MP, van Deventer SJH. Infliximab treatment induces apoptosis of lamina propria T lymphocytes in Crohn’s disease. Gut 2002;50:206–11
- Di Sabatino A, Ciccocioppo R, Cinque B, et al. Defective mucosal T cell death is sustainably reverted by infliximab in a caspase dependent pathway in Crohn’s disease. Gut 2004;53:70–7