References
- O’Brien JA, Patrick AR, Caro J. Estimates of direct medical costs for microvascular and macrovascular complications resulting from type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States in 2000. Clin Ther 2003;25: 1017–38
- Simpson SH, Corabian P, Jacobs P, Johnson JA. The cost of major comorbidity in people with diabetes mellitus. Can Med Assoc J 2003;168:1661–7
- O’Brien JA, Patrick AR, Caro JJ. Cost of managing complications resulting from type 2 diabetes mellitus in Canada. Br Med Council Health Serv Res 2003;3: 7
- Norlund A, Apelqvist J, Bitzen PO, et al. Cost of illness of adult diabetes mellitus underestimated if comorbidity is not considered. J Intern Med 2001;250:57–65
- Williams R, Van Gaal L, Lucioni C. Assessing the impact of complications on the costs of Type II diabetes. Diabetologia 2002;45:S13–S17
- Bo S, Ciccone G, Grassi G, et al. Patients with type 2 diabetes had higher rates of hospitalization than the general population. J Clin Epidemiol 2004;57:1196–201
- Carral F, Olveira G, Salas J, et al. Care resource utilization and direct costs incurred by people with diabetes in a Spanish hospital. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2002;56:27–34
- Jonsson B. Revealing the cost of Type II diabetes in Europe. Diabetologia 2002;45:S5–S12
- Ettaro L, Songer TJ, Zhang P, Engelgau MM. Cost-of-illness studies in diabetes mellitus. Pharmacoeconomics 2004;22: 149–64
- Gilmer TP, O’Connor PJ, Rush WA, et al. Predictors of health care costs in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28: 59–64
- Brandle M, Zhou H, Smith BR, et al. The direct medical cost of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003;26:2300–4
- Morsanutto A, Berto P, Lopatriello S, et al. Major diabetes complications have an impact on total annual medical cost of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1841–2
- Ray JA, Valentine WJ, Secnik K, et al. Review of the cost of diabetes complications in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21:1617–29
- Zhang P, Engelgau MM, Norris SL, et al. Application of economic analysis to diabetes and diabetes care. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:972–7
- Dudley RA, Harrell Jr FE, Smith LR, et al. Comparison of analytic models for estimating the effect of clinical factors on the cost of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Clin Epidemiol 1993;46:261–71
- Gray A, Fenn P, McGuire A. The cost of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in England and Wales. Diabetic Med 1995;12:1068–76
- Fenn P, McGuire A, Backhouse M, Jones D. Modelling programme costs in economic evaluation. J Health Econ 1996;15:115–25
- Etzioni RD, Feuer EJ, Sullivan SD, et al. On the use of survival analysis techniques to estimate medical care costs. J Health Econ 1999;18:365–80
- Lipscomb J, Ancukiewicz M, Parmigiani G, et al. Predicting the cost of illness: a comparison of alternative models applied to stroke. Med Decis Making 1998;18(Suppl 2):S39–S56
- Aalen OO. A linear regression model for the analysis of life times. Stat Med 1989;8:907–25
- Aalen OO. Further results on the non-parametric linear regression model in survival analysis. Stat Med 1993;12: 1569–88
- Schemper M, Stare J. Explained variation in survival analysis. Stat Med 1996;15:1999–2012
- Lin DY, Feuer EJ, Etzioni R, Wax Y. Estimating medical costs from incomplete follow-up data. Biometrics 1997;53: 419–34
- Bang H, Tsiatis AA. Estimating medical cost with censored data. Biometrika 2000;2:329–43