725
Views
81
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

The Barthel Index and modified Rankin Scale as prognostic tools for long-term outcomes after stroke: a qualitative review of the literature

&
Pages 1627-1636 | Accepted 03 May 2007, Published online: 06 Jun 2007

References

  • U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics - 2005 Update, published by the American Heart Association. Available at http://www.strokecenter.org/pat/stats.htm [accessed August 12, 2005].
  • Mackay J, Mensah GA. The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke. WHO & CDC report, 2004, 112 pg
  • Caro JJ, Huybrechts KF, Kongnakorn T, et al. The impact of widespread access to organized stroke care in Canada. Poster presented at the ISPOR 12th Annual International Meeting, Arlington, VA, USA, 19–23 May 2007 (abstract PST3)
  • Mahoney FI, Barthel D. Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index. Maryland State Med J 1965;14:56–61
  • Cohen ME, Marino RJ. The tools of disability outcomes research functional status measures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:S21–9
  • Barak S, Duncan PW. Issues in selecting outcome measures to assess functional recovery after stroke. NeuroRx 2006;3: 505–24
  • Rankin J. Cerebral vascular accidents in patients over the age of 60. Scott Med J 1957;2:200–15
  • Bonita R, Beaglehole R. Recovery of motor function after stroke. Stroke 1988;19:1497–500
  • Bamford JM, Sandercock PAG, Warlow CP, et al. Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke 1989;20:828
  • Asplund K, Ashburner S, Cargill K, et al.; GAIN International Investigators. Health care resource use and stroke outcome. Multinational comparisons within the GAIN International trial. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2003;19:267–77
  • Bond J, Gregson B, Smith M, et al. Predicting place of discharge from hospital for patients with a stroke or hip fracture on admission. J Health Serv Res Policy 2000;5:133–9
  • Brown RD Jr, Ransom J, Hass S, et al. Use of nursing home after stroke and dependence on stroke severity: a population-based analysis. Stroke 1999;30:924–9
  • Caro JJ, Huybrechts KF, Kelley HE. Predicting treatment costs after acute ischemic stroke on the basis of patient characteristics at presentation and early dysfunction. Stroke 2001;32:100–6
  • Chang KC, Tseng MC, Weng HH, et al. Prediction of length of stay of first-ever ischemic stroke. Stroke 2002;33:2670–4
  • de Haan R, Limburg M, van der Meulen J, et al. Use of health care services after stroke. Qual Health Care 1993;2:222–7
  • Engberg A, Bentzen L, Garde B. Rehabilitation after stroke: predictive power of Barthel Index versus a cognitive and a motor index. Acta Neurol Scand 1995;91:28–36
  • Hankey GJ, Jamrozik K, Broadhurst RJ, et al. Long-term disability after first-ever stroke and related prognostic factors in the Perth Community Stroke Study, 1989–1990. Stroke 2002;33:1034–40
  • Hass U, Persson J, Brodin H, et al. Assessment of rehabilitation technologies in stroke. Outcomes and costs. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1995;11:245–61
  • Jørgensen HS, Nakayama H, Raaschou HO, et al. Outcome and time course of recovery in stroke. Part I: Outcome. The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995;76:399–405
  • Kavanagh S, Knapp M, Patel A. Costs and disability among stroke patients. J Public Health Med 1999;21:385–94
  • Kolominsky-Rabas PL, Hilz MJ, Neundoerfer B, et al. Impact of urinary incontinence after stroke: results from a prospective population-based stroke register. Neurourol Urodyn 2003;22:322–7
  • Leibson CL, Hu T, Brown RD, et al. Utilization of acute care services in the year before and after first stroke: a population-based study. Neurology 1996;46:861–9
  • Mamoli A, Censori B, Casto L, et al. An analysis of the costs of ischemic stroke in an Italian stroke unit. Neurology 1999;53:112–16
  • Meijer R, Ihnenfeldt DS, van Limbeek J, et al. Prognostic factors in the subacute phase after stroke for the future residence after six months to one year. A systematic review of the literature. Clin Rehabil 2003;17:512–20
  • Pettersen R, Dahl T, Wyller TB. Prediction of long-term functional outcome after stroke rehabilitation. Clin Rehabil 2002;16:149–59
  • Pohjasvaara T, Vataja R, Leppavuori A, et al. Cognitive functions and depression as predictors of poor outcome 15 months after stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2002;14:228–33
  • Porsdal V, Boysen G. Costs of health care and social services during the first year after ischemic stroke. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1999;15:573–84
  • Spieler JF, De Pouvourville G, Amarenco P. Cost of a recurrent vs. cost of first-ever stroke over an 18-month period. Eur J Neurol 2003;10:621–4
  • Spieler JF, Lanoe JL, Amarenco P. Costs of stroke care according to handicap levels and stroke subtypes. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004;17:134–42
  • Spieler JF, Lanoe JL, Amarenco P. Socioeconomic aspects of postacute care for patients with brain infarction in France. Cerebrovasc Dis 2002;13:132–41
  • Thommessen B, Bautz-Holter E, Laake K. Predictors of outcome of rehabilitation of elderly stroke patients in a geriatric ward. Clin Rehabil 1999;13:123–8
  • Appelros P, Nydevik I, Viitanen M. Poor outcome after first-ever stroke: predictors for death, dependency, and recurrent stroke within the first year. Stroke 2003;34:122–6
  • Dombovy M, Basford J, Whisnant J, et al. Disability and use of rehabilitation services following stroke in Rochester, Minnesota, 1975–1979. Stroke 1987;18:830–6
  • Glass TA, Matchar DB, Belyea M, et al. Impact of social support on outcome in first stroke. Stroke 1993;24:64–70
  • Jørgensen HS, Nakayama H, Pedersen PM, et al. Epidemiology of stroke-related disability. Clin Geriatr Med 1999;15:785–99
  • Jørgensen HS, Nakayama H, Raaschou HO, et al. Outcome and time course of recovery in stroke. Part II: Time course of recovery. The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995;76:406–12
  • Jørgensen HS, Nakayama H, Raaschou HO, et al. Functional and neurological outcome of stroke and the relation to stroke severity and type, stroke unit treatment, body temperature, age, and other risk factors: The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Top Stroke Rehab 2000;6:1–19
  • Lai SM, Duncan PW. Stroke recovery profile and the Modified Rankin assessment. Neuroepidemiology 2001;20:26–30
  • Paolucci S, Grasso MG, Antonucci G, et al. One-year follow-Up in stroke patients discharged from rehabilitation hospital. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000;10:25–32
  • Patel AT, Duncan PW, Lai SM, et al. The relation between impairments and functional outcomes poststroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000;81:1357–63
  • Tilling K, Sterne JA, Rudd AG, et al. A new method for predicting recovery after stroke. Stroke 2001;32:2867–73
  • Tilling K, Sterne JAC, Wolfe CDA. Multilevel growth curve models with covariate effects: application to recovery after stroke. Stat Med 2001;20:685–704
  • Weimar C, Kurth T, Kraywinkel K, et al.; German Stroke Data Bank Collaborators. Assessment of functioning and disability after ischemic stroke. Stroke 2002;33:2053–9
  • Wilkinson PR, Wolfe CDA, Warburton FG, et al. A long-term follow-up of stroke patients. Stroke. 1997;28:507–12
  • Woo J, Kay R, Yuen YK, et al. Factors influencing long-term survival and disability among three-month stroke survivors. Neuroepidemiology 1992;11:143–50
  • Bravata DM, Ho SY, Brass LM, et al. Long-term mortality in cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 2003;34:699–704
  • German Stroke Study Collaboration. Predicting outcome after acute ischemic stroke. An external validation of prognostic models. Neurology 2004;62:581–5
  • Hankey GJ, Jamrozik K, Broadhurst RJ, et al. Five-year survival after first-ever stroke and related prognostic factors in the Perth Community Stroke Study. Stroke 2000;31:2080–6
  • Kolominsky-Rabas PL, Hilz MJ, Neundoerfer B, et al. Impact of urinary incontinence after stroke: results from a prospective population-based stroke register. Neurourol Urodyn 2003;22:322–7
  • Prencipe M, Culasso F, Rasura M, et al. Long-term prognosis after a minor stroke: 10-year mortality and major stroke recurrence rates in a hospital-based cohort. Stroke 1998;29:126–32
  • Weimar C, Ziegler A, Konig IR, et al. Predicting functional outcome and survival after acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol 2002;249:888–95
  • Weimar C, Konig IR, Kraywinkel K, et al., on behalf of the German Stroke Study collaboration. Age and national institutes of health stroke scale score within 6 hours after onset are accurate predictors of outcome after cerebral ischemia. Development and external validation of prognostic models. Stroke 2004;35:158–62
  • Kwon S, Hartzema AG, Duncan PW, et al. Disability measures in stroke: relationship among the Barthel Index, the Functional Independence Measure, and the modified Rankin Scale. Stroke 2004;35:918–23
  • Lai SM. Duncan PW. Stroke recovery profile and the Modified Rankin assessment. Neuroepidemiology 2001;20:26–30

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.